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-/*
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- * ISO-standard metric threads, following this specification:
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- * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread
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- *
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- * Copyright 2022 Dan Kirshner - dan_kirshner@yahoo.com
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- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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- * (at your option) any later version.
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- *
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- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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- * GNU General Public License for more details.
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- *
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- * See <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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- *
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- * Version 2.7. 2022-02-27 Increase minimum thread segments.
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- * Version 2.6. 2021-05-16 Contributed patches for leadin (thanks,
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- jeffery.spirko@tamucc.edu) and aligning thread
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- "facets" (triangulation) with base cylinder
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- (thanks, rambetter@protonmail.com).
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- * Version 2.5. 2020-04-11 Leadin option works for internal threads.
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- * Version 2.4. 2019-07-14 Add test option - do not render threads.
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- * Version 2.3. 2017-08-31 Default for leadin: 0 (best for internal threads).
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- * Version 2.2. 2017-01-01 Correction for angle; leadfac option. (Thanks to
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- * Andrew Allen <a2intl@gmail.com>.)
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- * Version 2.1. 2016-12-04 Chamfer bottom end (low-z); leadin option.
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- * Version 2.0. 2016-11-05 Backwards compatibility (earlier OpenSCAD) fixes.
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- * Version 1.9. 2016-07-03 Option: tapered.
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- * Version 1.8. 2016-01-08 Option: (non-standard) angle.
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- * Version 1.7. 2015-11-28 Larger x-increment - for small-diameters.
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- * Version 1.6. 2015-09-01 Options: square threads, rectangular threads.
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- * Version 1.5. 2015-06-12 Options: thread_size, groove.
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- * Version 1.4. 2014-10-17 Use "faces" instead of "triangles" for polyhedron
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- * Version 1.3. 2013-12-01 Correct loop over turns -- don't have early cut-off
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- * Version 1.2. 2012-09-09 Use discrete polyhedra rather than linear_extrude ()
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- * Version 1.1. 2012-09-07 Corrected to right-hand threads!
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- */
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-
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-// Examples.
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-//
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-// Standard M8 x 1.
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-// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4);
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-
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-// Square thread.
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-// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4, square=true);
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-
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-// Non-standard: long pitch, same thread size.
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-//metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=4, length=4, thread_size=1, groove=true);
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-
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-// Non-standard: 20 mm diameter, long pitch, square "trough" width 3 mm,
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-// depth 1 mm.
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-//metric_thread (diameter=20, pitch=8, length=16, square=true, thread_size=6,
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-// groove=true, rectangle=0.333);
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-
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-// English: 1/4 x 20.
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-//english_thread (diameter=1/4, threads_per_inch=20, length=1);
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-
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-// Tapered. Example -- pipe size 3/4" -- per:
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-// http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/npt-national-pipe-taper-threads-d_750.html
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-// english_thread (diameter=1.05, threads_per_inch=14, length=3/4, taper=1/16);
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-
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-// Thread for mounting on Rohloff hub.
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-//difference () {
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-// cylinder (r=20, h=10, $fn=100);
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-//
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-// metric_thread (diameter=34, pitch=1, length=10, internal=true, n_starts=6);
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-//}
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-
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-function segments (diameter) = min (150, max (ceil (diameter*6), 25));
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-
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-// diameter - outside diameter of threads in mm. Default: 8.
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-// pitch - thread axial "travel" per turn in mm. Default: 1.
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-// length - overall axial length of thread in mm. Default: 1.
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-// internal - true = clearances for internal thread (e.g., a nut).
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-// false = clearances for external thread (e.g., a bolt).
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-// (Internal threads should be "cut out" from a solid using
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-// difference ()). Default: false.
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-// n_starts - Number of thread starts (e.g., DNA, a "double helix," has
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-// n_starts=2). See wikipedia Screw_thread. Default: 1.
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-// thread_size - (non-standard) axial width of a single thread "V" - independent
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-// of pitch. Default: same as pitch.
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-// groove - (non-standard) true = subtract inverted "V" from cylinder
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-// (rather thanadd protruding "V" to cylinder). Default: false.
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-// square - true = square threads (per
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-// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_thread_form). Default:
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-// false.
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-// rectangle - (non-standard) "Rectangular" thread - ratio depth/(axial) width
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-// Default: 0 (standard "v" thread).
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-// angle - (non-standard) angle (deg) of thread side from perpendicular to
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-// axis (default = standard = 30 degrees).
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-// taper - diameter change per length (National Pipe Thread/ANSI B1.20.1
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-// is 1" diameter per 16" length). Taper decreases from 'diameter'
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-// as z increases. Default: 0 (no taper).
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-// leadin - 0 (default): no chamfer; 1: chamfer (45 degree) at max-z end;
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-// 2: chamfer at both ends, 3: chamfer at z=0 end.
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-// leadfac - scale of leadin chamfer length (default: 1.0 = 1/2 thread).
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-// test - true = do not render threads (just draw "blank" cylinder).
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-// Default: false (draw threads).
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-module metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=1, internal=false, n_starts=1,
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- thread_size=-1, groove=false, square=false, rectangle=0,
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- angle=30, taper=0, leadin=0, leadfac=1.0, test=false)
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-{
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- // thread_size: size of thread "V" different than travel per turn (pitch).
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- // Default: same as pitch.
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- local_thread_size = thread_size == -1 ? pitch : thread_size;
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- local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;
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-
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- n_segments = segments (diameter);
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- h = (test && ! internal) ? 0 : (square || rectangle) ? local_thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : local_thread_size / (2 * tan(angle));
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-
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- h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.90 : 0.625;
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-
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- // External thread includes additional relief.
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- h_fac2 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.95 : 5.3/8;
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-
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- tapered_diameter = diameter - length*taper;
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-
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- difference () {
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- union () {
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- if (! groove) {
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- if (! test) {
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- metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
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- local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
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- taper);
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- }
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- }
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-
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- difference () {
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-
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- // Solid center, including Dmin truncation.
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- if (groove) {
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- cylinder (r1=diameter/2, r2=tapered_diameter/2,
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- h=length, $fn=n_segments);
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- } else if (internal) {
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- cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1,
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- h=length, $fn=n_segments);
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- } else {
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-
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- // External thread.
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- cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac2, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac2,
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- h=length, $fn=n_segments);
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- }
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-
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- if (groove) {
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- if (! test) {
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- metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
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- local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle,
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- angle, taper);
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- }
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- }
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- }
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-
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- // Internal thread lead-in: take away from external solid.
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- if (internal) {
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-
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- // "Negative chamfer" z=0 end if leadin is 2 or 3.
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- if (leadin == 2 || leadin == 3) {
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-
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- // Fixes by jeffery.spirko@tamucc.edu.
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- cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h + h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- r2=diameter/2 - h,
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- h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);
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- /*
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- cylinder (r1=diameter/2,
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- r2=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);
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- */
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- }
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-
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- // "Negative chamfer" z-max end if leadin is 1 or 2.
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- if (leadin == 1 || leadin == 2) {
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- translate ([0, 0, length + 0.05 - h*h_fac1*leadfac]) {
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-
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- cylinder (r1=tapered_diameter/2 - h,
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- h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h + h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- $fn=n_segments);
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- /*
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- cylinder (r1=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- r2=tapered_diameter/2,
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- $fn=n_segments);
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- */
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- }
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- }
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- }
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- }
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-
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- if (! internal) {
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-
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- // Chamfer z=0 end if leadin is 2 or 3.
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- if (leadin == 2 || leadin == 3) {
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- difference () {
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- cylinder (r=diameter/2 + 1, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);
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-
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- cylinder (r2=diameter/2, r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- $fn=n_segments);
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- }
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- }
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-
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- // Chamfer z-max end if leadin is 1 or 2.
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- if (leadin == 1 || leadin == 2) {
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- translate ([0, 0, length + 0.05 - h*h_fac1*leadfac]) {
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- difference () {
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- cylinder (r=diameter/2 + 1, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);
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-
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- cylinder (r1=tapered_diameter/2, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
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- $fn=n_segments);
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- }
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- }
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- }
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- }
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- }
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-}
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-
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-// Input units in inches.
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-// Note: units of measure in drawing are mm!
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-module english_thread (diameter=0.25, threads_per_inch=20, length=1,
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- internal=false, n_starts=1, thread_size=-1, groove=false,
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- square=false, rectangle=0, angle=30, taper=0, leadin=0,
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- leadfac=1.0, test=false)
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-{
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- // Convert to mm.
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- mm_diameter = diameter*25.4;
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- mm_pitch = (1.0/threads_per_inch)*25.4;
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- mm_length = length*25.4;
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-
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- echo (str ("mm_diameter: ", mm_diameter));
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- echo (str ("mm_pitch: ", mm_pitch));
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- echo (str ("mm_length: ", mm_length));
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- metric_thread (mm_diameter, mm_pitch, mm_length, internal, n_starts,
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- thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper, leadin,
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- leadfac, test);
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-}
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-module metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
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- thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
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- taper)
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-{
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- // Number of turns needed.
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- n_turns = floor (length/pitch);
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-
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- intersection () {
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-
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- // Start one below z = 0. Gives an extra turn at each end.
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- for (i=[-1*n_starts : n_turns+1]) {
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- translate ([0, 0, i*pitch]) {
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- metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts,
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- thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
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- taper, i*pitch);
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- }
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- }
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-
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- // Cut to length.
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- translate ([0, 0, length/2]) {
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- cube ([diameter*3, diameter*3, length], center=true);
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- }
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- }
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-}
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-
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-module metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
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- groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper, z)
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-{
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- n_segments = segments (diameter);
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- fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;
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- for (i=[0 : n_segments-1]) {
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-
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- // Keep polyhedron "facets" aligned -- circumferentially -- with base
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- // cylinder facets. (Patch contributed by rambetter@protonmail.com.)
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- rotate ([0, 0, (i + 0.5)*360*fraction_circle + 90]) {
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- translate ([0, 0, i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle]) {
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- //current_diameter = diameter - taper*(z + i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle);
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- thread_polyhedron ((diameter - taper*(z + i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle))/2,
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- pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size, groove,
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- square, rectangle, angle);
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- }
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- }
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- }
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-}
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-
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-
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-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-module thread_polyhedron (radius, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
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- groove, square, rectangle, angle)
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-{
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- n_segments = segments (radius*2);
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- fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;
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-
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- local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;
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-
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- h = (square || rectangle) ? thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : thread_size / (2 * tan(angle));
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- outer_r = radius + (internal ? h/20 : 0); // Adds internal relief.
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- //echo (str ("outer_r: ", outer_r));
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-
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- // A little extra on square thread -- make sure overlaps cylinder.
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- h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 1.1 : 0.875;
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- inner_r = radius - h*h_fac1; // Does NOT do Dmin_truncation - do later with
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- // cylinder.
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-
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- translate_y = groove ? outer_r + inner_r : 0;
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- reflect_x = groove ? 1 : 0;
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-
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- // Make these just slightly bigger (keep in proportion) so polyhedra will
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- // overlap.
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- x_incr_outer = (! groove ? outer_r : inner_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
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- x_incr_inner = (! groove ? inner_r : outer_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
|
318
|
|
- z_incr = n_starts * pitch * fraction_circle * 1.005;
|
319
|
|
-
|
320
|
|
- /*
|
321
|
|
- (angles x0 and x3 inner are actually 60 deg)
|
322
|
|
-
|
323
|
|
- /\ (x2_inner, z2_inner) [2]
|
324
|
|
- / \
|
325
|
|
- (x3_inner, z3_inner) / \
|
326
|
|
- [3] \ \
|
327
|
|
- |\ \ (x2_outer, z2_outer) [6]
|
328
|
|
- | \ /
|
329
|
|
- | \ /|
|
330
|
|
- z |[7]\/ / (x1_outer, z1_outer) [5]
|
331
|
|
- | | | /
|
332
|
|
- | x | |/
|
333
|
|
- | / | / (x0_outer, z0_outer) [4]
|
334
|
|
- | / | / (behind: (x1_inner, z1_inner) [1]
|
335
|
|
- |/ | /
|
336
|
|
- y________| |/
|
337
|
|
- (r) / (x0_inner, z0_inner) [0]
|
338
|
|
-
|
339
|
|
- */
|
340
|
|
-
|
341
|
|
- x1_outer = outer_r * fraction_circle * 2 * PI;
|
342
|
|
-
|
343
|
|
- z0_outer = (outer_r - inner_r) * tan(angle);
|
344
|
|
- //echo (str ("z0_outer: ", z0_outer));
|
345
|
|
-
|
346
|
|
- //polygon ([[inner_r, 0], [outer_r, z0_outer],
|
347
|
|
- // [outer_r, 0.5*pitch], [inner_r, 0.5*pitch]]);
|
348
|
|
- z1_outer = z0_outer + z_incr;
|
349
|
|
-
|
350
|
|
- // Give internal square threads some clearance in the z direction, too.
|
351
|
|
- bottom = internal ? 0.235 : 0.25;
|
352
|
|
- top = internal ? 0.765 : 0.75;
|
353
|
|
-
|
354
|
|
- translate ([0, translate_y, 0]) {
|
355
|
|
- mirror ([reflect_x, 0, 0]) {
|
356
|
|
-
|
357
|
|
- if (square || rectangle) {
|
358
|
|
-
|
359
|
|
- // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
|
360
|
|
- // be in clockwise order.
|
361
|
|
- polyhedron (
|
362
|
|
- points = [
|
363
|
|
- [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size], // [0]
|
364
|
|
- [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [1]
|
365
|
|
- [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size + z_incr], // [2]
|
366
|
|
- [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size], // [3]
|
367
|
|
-
|
368
|
|
- [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size], // [4]
|
369
|
|
- [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [5]
|
370
|
|
- [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size + z_incr], // [6]
|
371
|
|
- [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size] // [7]
|
372
|
|
- ],
|
373
|
|
-
|
374
|
|
- faces = [
|
375
|
|
- [0, 3, 7, 4], // This-side trapezoid
|
376
|
|
-
|
377
|
|
- [1, 5, 6, 2], // Back-side trapezoid
|
378
|
|
-
|
379
|
|
- [0, 1, 2, 3], // Inner rectangle
|
380
|
|
-
|
381
|
|
- [4, 7, 6, 5], // Outer rectangle
|
382
|
|
-
|
383
|
|
- // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
|
384
|
|
- [7, 2, 6], // Upper rectangle, bottom
|
385
|
|
- [7, 3, 2], // Upper rectangle, top
|
386
|
|
-
|
387
|
|
- [0, 5, 1], // Lower rectangle, bottom
|
388
|
|
- [0, 4, 5] // Lower rectangle, top
|
389
|
|
- ]
|
390
|
|
- );
|
391
|
|
- } else {
|
392
|
|
-
|
393
|
|
- // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
|
394
|
|
- // be in clockwise order.
|
395
|
|
- polyhedron (
|
396
|
|
- points = [
|
397
|
|
- [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, 0], // [0]
|
398
|
|
- [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, z_incr], // [1]
|
399
|
|
- [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size + z_incr], // [2]
|
400
|
|
- [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size], // [3]
|
401
|
|
-
|
402
|
|
- [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer], // [4]
|
403
|
|
- [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer + z_incr], // [5]
|
404
|
|
- [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer + z_incr], // [6]
|
405
|
|
- [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer] // [7]
|
406
|
|
- ],
|
407
|
|
-
|
408
|
|
- faces = [
|
409
|
|
- [0, 3, 7, 4], // This-side trapezoid
|
410
|
|
-
|
411
|
|
- [1, 5, 6, 2], // Back-side trapezoid
|
412
|
|
-
|
413
|
|
- [0, 1, 2, 3], // Inner rectangle
|
414
|
|
-
|
415
|
|
- [4, 7, 6, 5], // Outer rectangle
|
416
|
|
-
|
417
|
|
- // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
|
418
|
|
- [7, 2, 6], // Upper rectangle, bottom
|
419
|
|
- [7, 3, 2], // Upper rectangle, top
|
420
|
|
-
|
421
|
|
- [0, 5, 1], // Lower rectangle, bottom
|
422
|
|
- [0, 4, 5] // Lower rectangle, top
|
423
|
|
- ]
|
424
|
|
- );
|
425
|
|
- }
|
426
|
|
- }
|
427
|
|
- }
|
428
|
|
-}
|
429
|
|
-
|
430
|
|
-
|
431
|
|
-
|