Fix TEMP_ADC_PROBE support for STM32F1 (#19582)

Co-authored-by: ellensp <ellensp@ellensp-HP-ProBook-6470b.fritz.box>

Marlin/src/HAL/STM32F1/HAL.cpp

   #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
     TEMP_0_PIN,
   #endif
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
+    TEMP_PROBE_PIN,
+  #endif   
   #if HAS_HEATED_BED
     TEMP_BED_PIN,
   #endif
   #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
     TEMP_0,
   #endif
+  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
+    TEMP_PROBE,
+  #endif   
   #if HAS_HEATED_BED
     TEMP_BED,
   #endif
     #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
       case TEMP_0_PIN: pin_index = TEMP_0; break;
     #endif
+    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_PROBE
+      case TEMP_PROBE_PIN: pin_index = TEMP_PROBE; break;
+    #endif   
     #if HAS_HEATED_BED
       case TEMP_BED_PIN: pin_index = TEMP_BED; break;
     #endif