Fixes #22746

Co-authored-by: Scott Lahteine <thinkyhead@users.noreply.github.com>

Fixes #19920

Co-Authored-By: Orel <37673727+0r31@users.noreply.github.com>

Use a sector of the LPC flash memory to emulate EEPROM storage, removing the need to have an SD card to store system parameters.

- Clean up the API to use a `static` class instance to adhere to Marlin convention
- Add `const` position data access for read/write
- Add Storage capacity to the interface

Reference #9983

* Merging early because of build failures.  See #8105

* Make LPC1768 pinmapping not specific to Re-ARM

* Add HAL_PIN_TYPE and LPC1768 pin features

* M43 Updates

* Move pin map into pinsDebug_LPC1768.h

* Incorporate comments and M226

* Fix persistent store compilation issues

* Update pin features

* Update MKS SBASE pins

* Use native LPC1768 pin numbers in M42, M43, and M226

* 32-bit work for UBL

* Update FT i3-2020 reference file

* Get UBL Mesh Generation, Mesh Save & Mesh Load working with 32-Bit platforms

* clean up read_data() and write_data() for non-LPC1768 HAL's

* Get read_data() and write_data() return codes consistent

All HAL's read_data() and write_data() return false if they succeed.

* Get read_data() and write_data() return codes to be consistent

Make read_data() and write_data() return true if an error happens.

* Say UBL is now checked out on machine types in default Configuration.h file.

This change initialize any data in eeprom.dat beyond the current file size to FF.
That way if eeprom.dat is deleted and created again, it doesn't take the old values or random ones, but rather starts with FF in all positions as a real brand new or erased eeprom.dat
Currently if you delete eeprom.dat and restart the board, the new file is created in the same sector with the same content, since FAT does not actually delete the data, just marks the sector as free. I tested by deleting the file, and then rebooting the board, and checking the file content.
The change can be tested in the same way, deleting, rebooting the board, and then the new content should be all FF.

If an eeprom file already exist with data on it, but smaller than E2END, it will be padded with FF on first access, so it will not have random or old content appended.

* fixed some include paths

* LPC1768: Fix Serial API

Add missing serial methods used if TX_BUFFER_SIZE is set
Change return value of HalSerial:read to match Arduino API

* LPC1768: add filters to ADC

This is to try and compensate for hardware issue and oversensitivity to noise

* LPC1768: remove the polling section of delayMicroseconds

* LPC1768: lock usb mass storage device while device accesses it.

Currently only applicable to persistent store,
The device always has priority and will unmount the sd card from the host, Windows then tries to automount again so it can look like the explorer window freezes. Linux Mint, by default, just closes the Nemo window.

* Add timeout to make sure if Serial never connects that Marlin still boots

* Remove unneeded ifdef CPU_32_BIT

In general the need for ifdef CPU_32_BIT blocks means that something is missing from the HAL API or a Platform, in this case HAL_TICKS_PER_US was missing from the AVR Platform

* LPC1768: relocate RE-ARM debug_extra_script.py

Fixes Arduino IDE builds for 8-bit AVR,
misc: Adafruit NeoPixel currently incompatible with Teensy 3.5-6, blacklisted