Co-Authored-By: Jason Smith <20053467+sjasonsmith@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Scott Lahteine <github@thinkyhead.com>

In reference to #11000

The current Marlin implementation relies on a timer interrupt to start the ADC conversion and read it. However in some circumstances the interrupt can be delayed resulting in insufficient time being available for the ADC conversion. This results in a bad reading and false temperature fluctuations. These changes make sure that the conversion is complete (by checking the ADC hardware via the HAL) before reading a value.

See: https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/issues/11323

* Misc fixes and improvements

- Get rid of most critical sections on the Serial port drivers for AVR and DUE. Proper usage of FIFOs should allow interrupts to stay enabled without harm to queuing and dequeuing.
  Also, with 8-bit indices (for AVR) and up to 32-bit indices (for ARM), there is no need to protect reads and writes to those indices.
- Simplify the XON/XOFF logic quite a bit. Much cleaner now (both for AVR and ARM)
- Prevent a race condition (edge case) that could happen when estimating the proper value for the stepper timer (by reading it) and writing the calculated value for the time to the next ISR by disabling interrupts in those critical and small sections of the code - The problem could lead to lost steps.
- Fix dual endstops not properly homing bug (maybe).

* Set position immediately when possible

* STM32F1 HAL

Adding files for STM32F1 HAL based on libmaple/stm32duino core.
Current persistent_store uses cardreader changes to be sent in separate
commit, but could be changed to use i2c eeprom.
There is another persistent_store implementation that uses the MCU flash memory
to emulate eeprom
Adding readme with some information about the stm32 HAL.

* Switch to Timer4 to avoid a hard reset on STM32F103C6 boards

On bluepill STM32F103C6 boards, using Timer5 results in a error() vector call. Switch to 4 since these are both general purpose, 16 bit timers.

* Add support for EEPROM emulation using Flash

Some low end machines doe not have EEPROM support. Simulate it using the last two pages of flash. Flash does not allow rewrite between erases, so skip writing the working version if that's enabled.

* Basic Pins for a malyan M200

This is a work in progress to go hand in hand with the STM32 work.

* Add support for ADC with DMA. This work has exposed a problem with the pin enumerations in STM boards vs what marlin expects (i.e, try defining PA0 as a temp pin). The hack can be removed with we go to fastio completely. To see this work, set something in adc_pins to a value like PA0 and connect your pullup resistor'd thermistor.

* Missing file - change HAL_adc_init to actually do something

We have an actual ADC init function now.

* Remove pinmode hack

Remove the pin mode hack that I was using to init PA0.

Updated Readme.md

* Several changes to timers and GPIO

Faster GPIO, and faster timer functions by accesing registers and
libmaple.
Still more changes pending for the Timer's code to skip using the
HardwareTimer class altogether.

Switch all enums to be within #defines

This change allows a user to have, for instance, TEMP_4 and TEMP_BED definied but nothing else. The enums which are not defined move "out", allowing the first ones to take the slots in the enum, and since the array is sized on ADC_PIN_COUNT, we always have the right size data and in order.

* Update Malyan M200 pins

Update Malyan M200 pins with correct fan values.

* Test all pins on actual hardware, update definitions

Some of the pin definitions were from knowlege base/pdfs. Now they've been tested against actual hardware. This should be very close to final.

* Update HAL_timers_Stm32f1.cpp

* Add sample configurations for Malyan M200

Add sample configuration for Malyan M200 without bed leveling, and move fan to auto cool E0 since this printer by default has only one fan.


Choose the timer based on MCU defintion. Timer5 is not valid on C8/CB class boards, so use Timer4 for the step timer.


readme.md update

* Updates to timers, and some stm32 boards definitiions

* Correct pin toggle macro.

* Remove duplicated Malyan M200 entry from pins.h

* Update configuration_store.cpp

* Formatting, indentation

* Formatting in HAL_Stm32f1.cpp