The extrusion speed was wrong due to a not high enough precision of
esteps to XY steps, therefore now the target float values are used to
calculate the ratio between XY movement and extrusion speed.
The e_speed_multiplier8 was replaced by an absolute multiplier called
abs_adv_steps_multiplier8, therefore one multiplication and bitshift can
be saved inside the stepper ISR. Due to this, also extruder_advance_k is
better suited inside the planner and not the stepper files any more.

.) long to int: Extruder stalls at 10kHz / 20kHz step limits with long.
.) Take the delta_adv_steps calculation out of the step_loops loop. Wasted calculation performance if done inside.
.) >> 2 replaced by 3: Is divide by 8. Reason: Timer 0 runs at 16/8=2MHz, Timer 1 at 16/64=0.25MHz. ==> 2/0.25=8.

We should use `constexpr` wherever it makes sense, for its added benefits. See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13346879/const-vs-constexpr-on-variables

Probably needed for long straight lines when using high microstepping

- In `stepper.h` init `count_direction` array
- In `ultralcd.cpp` init `autotune_temp` array

- Search all symbols and apply prefixes where needed
- Encapsulate some private methods
- Inline some setters
- Make `microstep_mode` a public method

Additional follow-up the PR #3631(Encapsulate Stepper, Planner, Endstops in singleton classes)

・Change from abort_on_endstop_hit to stepper.abort_on_endstop_hit in endstop.cpp, Marlin_main.cpp, and ultralcd.cpp
・Add include path to cardreader.h and temperature.h in endstop.cpp(for CardReader class and disable_all_heaters())
It fix compilation error when ABORT_ON_ENDSTOP_HIT_FEATURE_ENABLED and SDSUPPORT are enabled.

・Change from digipot_current() to stepper.digipot_current() in Marlin_main.cpp
・Change from digitalPotWrite() to stepper.digitalPotWrite() in Marlin_main.cpp
It fix compilation errors when HAS_DIGIPOTSS is enabled.

・Change from microstep_mode() to stepper.microstep_mode() in Marlin_main.cpp
・Change attribute of microstep_mode() from private to public in stepper.h
・Change from microstep_readings() to stepper.microstep_readings() in Marlin_main.cpp
・Change from microstep_ms() to stepper.microstep_ms() in Marlin_main.
It fix compilation errors when HAS_MICROSTEPS is enabled.

Following up on #3231

Keep "astyled" reformatting

Apply `ENABLED` / `DISABLED` macros to stepper-related files.

As suggested in #2521
- Move `ABORT_ON_ENDSTOP_HIT_FEATURE_ENABLED` because `SDSUPPORT` is
also required.
- Add a note that endstops must be enabled for the feature to have any
effect

Z_DUAL_ENDSTOPS is a feature to enable the use of 2 endstops for both Z
steppers - Let's call them Z stepper and Z2 stepper.
That way the machine is capable to align the bed during home, since both
Z steppers are homed.
There is also an implementation of M666 (software endstops adjustment)
to this feature.
After Z homing, this adjustment is applied to just one of the steppers
in order to align the bed.
One just need to home the Z axis and measure the distance difference
between both Z axis and apply the math: Z adjust = Z - Z2.
If the Z stepper axis is closer to the bed, the measure Z > Z2 (yes, it
is.. think about it) and the Z adjust would be positive.
Play a little bit with small adjustments (0.5mm) and check the
behaviour.
The M119 (endstops report) will start reporting the Z2 Endstop as well.

- Add BIT and TEST macros
- Add _APPLY_ macros to stepper.cpp to help with consolidation
- Consolidate code in stepper.cpp using macros
- Apply standards in stepper.cpp
- Use >= 0 instead of > -1 as a better semantic
- Replace DUAL_Y_CARRIAGE with Y_DUAL_STEPPER_DRIVERS