marlin/Marlin/src/module/temperature.cpp

/**
 * Marlin 3D Printer Firmware
 * Copyright (C) 2016 MarlinFirmware [https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin]
 *
 * Based on Sprinter and grbl.
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Camiel Gubbels / Erik van der Zalm
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 */

/**
 * temperature.cpp - temperature control
 */

#include "temperature.h"
#include "endstops.h"

#include "../Marlin.h"
#include "../lcd/ultralcd.h"
#include "planner.h"
#include "../core/language.h"
#include "../HAL/Delay.h"

#if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
  #include "../libs/private_spi.h"
#endif

#if ENABLED(BABYSTEPPING) || ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
  #include "stepper.h"
#endif

#include "printcounter.h"

#if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
  #include "../feature/filwidth.h"
#endif

#if ENABLED(EMERGENCY_PARSER)
  #include "../feature/emergency_parser.h"
#endif

#if HOTEND_USES_THERMISTOR
  #if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
    static void* heater_ttbl_map[2] = { (void*)HEATER_0_TEMPTABLE, (void*)HEATER_1_TEMPTABLE };
    static constexpr uint8_t heater_ttbllen_map[2] = { HEATER_0_TEMPTABLE_LEN, HEATER_1_TEMPTABLE_LEN };
  #else
    static void* heater_ttbl_map[HOTENDS] = ARRAY_BY_HOTENDS((void*)HEATER_0_TEMPTABLE, (void*)HEATER_1_TEMPTABLE, (void*)HEATER_2_TEMPTABLE, (void*)HEATER_3_TEMPTABLE, (void*)HEATER_4_TEMPTABLE);
    static constexpr uint8_t heater_ttbllen_map[HOTENDS] = ARRAY_BY_HOTENDS(HEATER_0_TEMPTABLE_LEN, HEATER_1_TEMPTABLE_LEN, HEATER_2_TEMPTABLE_LEN, HEATER_3_TEMPTABLE_LEN, HEATER_4_TEMPTABLE_LEN);
  #endif
#endif

Temperature thermalManager;

/**
 * Macros to include the heater id in temp errors. The compiler's dead-code
 * elimination should (hopefully) optimize out the unused strings.
 */
#if HAS_HEATED_BED
  #define TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG, E) \
    (E) == -1 ? PSTR(MSG ## _BED) : \
    (HOTENDS > 1 && (E) == 1) ? PSTR(MSG_E2 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 2 && (E) == 2) ? PSTR(MSG_E3 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 3 && (E) == 3) ? PSTR(MSG_E4 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 4 && (E) == 4) ? PSTR(MSG_E5 " " MSG) : \
    PSTR(MSG_E1 " " MSG)
#else
  #define TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG, E) \
    (HOTENDS > 1 && (E) == 1) ? PSTR(MSG_E2 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 2 && (E) == 2) ? PSTR(MSG_E3 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 3 && (E) == 3) ? PSTR(MSG_E4 " " MSG) : \
    (HOTENDS > 4 && (E) == 4) ? PSTR(MSG_E5 " " MSG) : \
    PSTR(MSG_E1 " " MSG)
#endif

// public:

float Temperature::current_temperature[HOTENDS] = { 0.0 };
int16_t Temperature::current_temperature_raw[HOTENDS] = { 0 },
        Temperature::target_temperature[HOTENDS] = { 0 };

#if ENABLED(AUTO_POWER_E_FANS)
  int16_t Temperature::autofan_speed[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
#endif

#if HAS_HEATED_BED
  float Temperature::current_temperature_bed = 0.0;
  int16_t Temperature::current_temperature_bed_raw = 0,
          Temperature::target_temperature_bed = 0;
  uint8_t Temperature::soft_pwm_amount_bed;
  #ifdef BED_MINTEMP
    int16_t Temperature::bed_minttemp_raw = HEATER_BED_RAW_LO_TEMP;
  #endif
  #ifdef BED_MAXTEMP
    int16_t Temperature::bed_maxttemp_raw = HEATER_BED_RAW_HI_TEMP;
  #endif
  #if WATCH_THE_BED
    uint16_t Temperature::watch_target_bed_temp = 0;
    millis_t Temperature::watch_bed_next_ms = 0;
  #endif
  #if ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
    float Temperature::bedKp, Temperature::bedKi, Temperature::bedKd, // Initialized by settings.load()
          Temperature::temp_iState_bed = { 0 },
          Temperature::temp_dState_bed = { 0 },
          Temperature::pTerm_bed,
          Temperature::iTerm_bed,
          Temperature::dTerm_bed,
          Temperature::pid_error_bed;
  #else
    millis_t Temperature::next_bed_check_ms;
  #endif
  uint16_t Temperature::raw_temp_bed_value = 0;
  #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
    millis_t Temperature::bed_idle_timeout_ms = 0;
    bool Temperature::bed_idle_timeout_exceeded = false;
  #endif
#endif // HAS_HEATED_BED

#if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
  float Temperature::current_temperature_chamber = 0.0;
  int16_t Temperature::current_temperature_chamber_raw = 0;
  uint16_t Temperature::raw_temp_chamber_value = 0;
#endif

// Initialized by settings.load()
#if ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
  #if ENABLED(PID_PARAMS_PER_HOTEND) && HOTENDS > 1
    float Temperature::Kp[HOTENDS], Temperature::Ki[HOTENDS], Temperature::Kd[HOTENDS];
    #if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
      float Temperature::Kc[HOTENDS];
    #endif
  #else
    float Temperature::Kp, Temperature::Ki, Temperature::Kd;
    #if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
      float Temperature::Kc;
    #endif
  #endif
#endif

#if ENABLED(BABYSTEPPING)
  volatile int Temperature::babystepsTodo[XYZ] = { 0 };
#endif

#if WATCH_HOTENDS
  uint16_t Temperature::watch_target_temp[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
  millis_t Temperature::watch_heater_next_ms[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
#endif

#if ENABLED(PREVENT_COLD_EXTRUSION)
  bool Temperature::allow_cold_extrude = false;
  int16_t Temperature::extrude_min_temp = EXTRUDE_MINTEMP;
#endif

// private:

#if EARLY_WATCHDOG
  bool Temperature::inited = false;
#endif

#if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
  uint16_t Temperature::redundant_temperature_raw = 0;
  float Temperature::redundant_temperature = 0.0;
#endif

volatile bool Temperature::temp_meas_ready = false;

#if ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
  float Temperature::temp_iState[HOTENDS] = { 0 },
        Temperature::temp_dState[HOTENDS] = { 0 },
        Temperature::pTerm[HOTENDS],
        Temperature::iTerm[HOTENDS],
        Temperature::dTerm[HOTENDS];

  #if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
    float Temperature::cTerm[HOTENDS];
    long Temperature::last_e_position;
    long Temperature::lpq[LPQ_MAX_LEN];
    int Temperature::lpq_ptr = 0;
  #endif

  float Temperature::pid_error[HOTENDS];
  bool Temperature::pid_reset[HOTENDS];
#endif

uint16_t Temperature::raw_temp_value[MAX_EXTRUDERS] = { 0 };

// Init min and max temp with extreme values to prevent false errors during startup
int16_t Temperature::minttemp_raw[HOTENDS] = ARRAY_BY_HOTENDS(HEATER_0_RAW_LO_TEMP , HEATER_1_RAW_LO_TEMP , HEATER_2_RAW_LO_TEMP, HEATER_3_RAW_LO_TEMP, HEATER_4_RAW_LO_TEMP),
        Temperature::maxttemp_raw[HOTENDS] = ARRAY_BY_HOTENDS(HEATER_0_RAW_HI_TEMP , HEATER_1_RAW_HI_TEMP , HEATER_2_RAW_HI_TEMP, HEATER_3_RAW_HI_TEMP, HEATER_4_RAW_HI_TEMP),
        Temperature::minttemp[HOTENDS] = { 0 },
        Temperature::maxttemp[HOTENDS] = ARRAY_BY_HOTENDS1(16383);

#ifdef MAX_CONSECUTIVE_LOW_TEMPERATURE_ERROR_ALLOWED
  uint8_t Temperature::consecutive_low_temperature_error[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
#endif

#ifdef MILLISECONDS_PREHEAT_TIME
  millis_t Temperature::preheat_end_time[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
#endif

#if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
  int8_t Temperature::meas_shift_index;  // Index of a delayed sample in buffer
#endif

#if HAS_AUTO_FAN
  millis_t Temperature::next_auto_fan_check_ms = 0;
#endif

uint8_t Temperature::soft_pwm_amount[HOTENDS];

#if ENABLED(FAN_SOFT_PWM)
  uint8_t Temperature::soft_pwm_amount_fan[FAN_COUNT],
          Temperature::soft_pwm_count_fan[FAN_COUNT];
#endif

#if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
  uint16_t Temperature::current_raw_filwidth = 0; // Measured filament diameter - one extruder only
#endif

#if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF)
  bool Temperature::paused;
#endif

#if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
  millis_t Temperature::heater_idle_timeout_ms[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
  bool Temperature::heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[HOTENDS] = { false };
#endif

#if ENABLED(ADC_KEYPAD)
  uint32_t Temperature::current_ADCKey_raw = 0;
  uint8_t Temperature::ADCKey_count = 0;
#endif

#if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
  int16_t Temperature::lpq_len; // Initialized in configuration_store
#endif

#if HAS_PID_HEATING

  /**
   * PID Autotuning (M303)
   *
   * Alternately heat and cool the nozzle, observing its behavior to
   * determine the best PID values to achieve a stable temperature.
   */
  void Temperature::PID_autotune(const float &target, const int8_t hotend, const int8_t ncycles, const bool set_result/*=false*/) {
    float current = 0.0;
    int cycles = 0;
    bool heating = true;

    millis_t next_temp_ms = millis(), t1 = next_temp_ms, t2 = next_temp_ms;
    long t_high = 0, t_low = 0;

    long bias, d;
    float Ku, Tu,
          workKp = 0, workKi = 0, workKd = 0,
          max = 0, min = 10000;

    #define HAS_TP_BED (ENABLED(THERMAL_PROTECTION_BED) && ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED))
    #if HAS_TP_BED && ENABLED(THERMAL_PROTECTION_HOTENDS) && ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
      #define TV(B,H) (hotend < 0 ? (B) : (H))
    #elif HAS_TP_BED
      #define TV(B,H) (B)
    #else
      #define TV(B,H) (H)
    #endif

    #if WATCH_THE_BED || WATCH_HOTENDS
      const uint16_t watch_temp_period = TV(WATCH_BED_TEMP_PERIOD, WATCH_TEMP_PERIOD);
      const uint8_t watch_temp_increase = TV(WATCH_BED_TEMP_INCREASE, WATCH_TEMP_INCREASE);
      const float watch_temp_target = target - float(watch_temp_increase + TV(TEMP_BED_HYSTERESIS, TEMP_HYSTERESIS) + 1);
      millis_t temp_change_ms = next_temp_ms + watch_temp_period * 1000UL;
      float next_watch_temp = 0.0;
      bool heated = false;
    #endif

    #if HAS_AUTO_FAN
      next_auto_fan_check_ms = next_temp_ms + 2500UL;
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
      #define _TOP_HOTEND HOTENDS - 1
    #else
      #define _TOP_HOTEND -1
    #endif
    #if ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
      #define _BOT_HOTEND -1
    #else
      #define _BOT_HOTEND 0
    #endif

    if (!WITHIN(hotend, _BOT_HOTEND, _TOP_HOTEND)) {
      SERIAL_ECHOLNPGM(MSG_PID_BAD_EXTRUDER_NUM);
      return;
    }

    SERIAL_ECHOLNPGM(MSG_PID_AUTOTUNE_START);

    disable_all_heaters(); // switch off all heaters.

    #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
      if (hotend < 0)
        soft_pwm_amount_bed = bias = d = (MAX_BED_POWER) >> 1;
      else
        soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = bias = d = (PID_MAX) >> 1;
    #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
      soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = bias = d = (PID_MAX) >> 1;
    #else
      soft_pwm_amount_bed = bias = d = (MAX_BED_POWER) >> 1;
    #endif

    wait_for_heatup = true; // Can be interrupted with M108

    // PID Tuning loop
    while (wait_for_heatup) {

      const millis_t ms = millis();

      if (temp_meas_ready) { // temp sample ready
        updateTemperaturesFromRawValues();

        // Get the current temperature and constrain it
        current =
          #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
            hotend < 0 ? current_temperature_bed : current_temperature[hotend]
          #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
            current_temperature[hotend]
          #else
            current_temperature_bed
          #endif
        ;
        NOLESS(max, current);
        NOMORE(min, current);

        #if HAS_AUTO_FAN
          if (ELAPSED(ms, next_auto_fan_check_ms)) {
            checkExtruderAutoFans();
            next_auto_fan_check_ms = ms + 2500UL;
          }
        #endif

        if (heating && current > target) {
          if (ELAPSED(ms, t2 + 5000UL)) {
            heating = false;
            #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
              if (hotend < 0)
                soft_pwm_amount_bed = (bias - d) >> 1;
              else
                soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = (bias - d) >> 1;
            #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
              soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = (bias - d) >> 1;
            #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
              soft_pwm_amount_bed = (bias - d) >> 1;
            #endif
            t1 = ms;
            t_high = t1 - t2;
            max = target;
          }
        }

        if (!heating && current < target) {
          if (ELAPSED(ms, t1 + 5000UL)) {
            heating = true;
            t2 = ms;
            t_low = t2 - t1;
            if (cycles > 0) {
              long max_pow =
                #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
                  hotend < 0 ? MAX_BED_POWER : PID_MAX
                #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
                  PID_MAX
                #else
                  MAX_BED_POWER
                #endif
              ;
              bias += (d * (t_high - t_low)) / (t_low + t_high);
              bias = constrain(bias, 20, max_pow - 20);
              d = (bias > max_pow >> 1) ? max_pow - 1 - bias : bias;

              SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_BIAS, bias);
              SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_D, d);
              SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_T_MIN, min);
              SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_T_MAX, max);
              if (cycles > 2) {
                Ku = (4.0 * d) / (M_PI * (max - min) * 0.5);
                Tu = ((float)(t_low + t_high) * 0.001);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_KU, Ku);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_TU, Tu);
                workKp = 0.6 * Ku;
                workKi = 2 * workKp / Tu;
                workKd = workKp * Tu * 0.125;
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM("\n" MSG_CLASSIC_PID);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_KP, workKp);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(MSG_KI, workKi);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPAIR(MSG_KD, workKd);
                /**
                workKp = 0.33*Ku;
                workKi = workKp/Tu;
                workKd = workKp*Tu/3;
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM(" Some overshoot");
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Kp: ", workKp);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Ki: ", workKi);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Kd: ", workKd);
                workKp = 0.2*Ku;
                workKi = 2*workKp/Tu;
                workKd = workKp*Tu/3;
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM(" No overshoot");
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Kp: ", workKp);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Ki: ", workKi);
                SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR(" Kd: ", workKd);
                */
              }
            }
            #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
              if (hotend < 0)
                soft_pwm_amount_bed = (bias + d) >> 1;
              else
                soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = (bias + d) >> 1;
            #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
              soft_pwm_amount[hotend] = (bias + d) >> 1;
            #else
              soft_pwm_amount_bed = (bias + d) >> 1;
            #endif
            cycles++;
            min = target;
          }
        }
      }

      // Did the temperature overshoot very far?
      #ifndef MAX_OVERSHOOT_PID_AUTOTUNE
        #define MAX_OVERSHOOT_PID_AUTOTUNE 20
      #endif
      if (current > target + MAX_OVERSHOOT_PID_AUTOTUNE) {
        SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM(MSG_PID_TEMP_TOO_HIGH);
        break;
      }

      // Report heater states every 2 seconds
      if (ELAPSED(ms, next_temp_ms)) {
        #if HAS_TEMP_SENSOR
          print_heaterstates();
          SERIAL_EOL();
        #endif
        next_temp_ms = ms + 2000UL;

        // Make sure heating is actually working
        #if WATCH_THE_BED || WATCH_HOTENDS
          if (
            #if WATCH_THE_BED && WATCH_HOTENDS
              true
            #elif WATCH_THE_BED
              hotend < 0
            #else
              hotend >= 0
            #endif
          ) {
            if (!heated) {                                          // If not yet reached target...
              if (current > next_watch_temp) {                      // Over the watch temp?
                next_watch_temp = current + watch_temp_increase;    // - set the next temp to watch for
                temp_change_ms = ms + watch_temp_period * 1000UL;   // - move the expiration timer up
                if (current > watch_temp_target) heated = true;     // - Flag if target temperature reached
              }
              else if (ELAPSED(ms, temp_change_ms))                 // Watch timer expired
                _temp_error(hotend, PSTR(MSG_T_HEATING_FAILED), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_HEATING_FAILED_LCD, hotend));
            }
            else if (current < target - (MAX_OVERSHOOT_PID_AUTOTUNE)) // Heated, then temperature fell too far?
              _temp_error(hotend, PSTR(MSG_T_THERMAL_RUNAWAY), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_THERMAL_RUNAWAY, hotend));
          }
        #endif
      } // every 2 seconds

      // Timeout after MAX_CYCLE_TIME_PID_AUTOTUNE minutes since the last undershoot/overshoot cycle
      #ifndef MAX_CYCLE_TIME_PID_AUTOTUNE
        #define MAX_CYCLE_TIME_PID_AUTOTUNE 20L
      #endif
      if (((ms - t1) + (ms - t2)) > (MAX_CYCLE_TIME_PID_AUTOTUNE * 60L * 1000L)) {
        SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM(MSG_PID_TIMEOUT);
        break;
      }

      if (cycles > ncycles) {
        SERIAL_PROTOCOLLNPGM(MSG_PID_AUTOTUNE_FINISHED);

        #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
          const char* estring = hotend < 0 ? "bed" : "";
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_", estring); SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("Kp ", workKp); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_", estring); SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("Ki ", workKi); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_", estring); SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("Kd ", workKd); SERIAL_EOL();
        #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_Kp ", workKp); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_Ki ", workKi); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_Kd ", workKd); SERIAL_EOL();
        #else
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_bedKp ", workKp); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_bedKi ", workKi); SERIAL_EOL();
          SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR("#define DEFAULT_bedKd ", workKd); SERIAL_EOL();
        #endif

        #define _SET_BED_PID() do { \
          bedKp = workKp; \
          bedKi = scalePID_i(workKi); \
          bedKd = scalePID_d(workKd); \
        }while(0)

        #define _SET_EXTRUDER_PID() do { \
          PID_PARAM(Kp, hotend) = workKp; \
          PID_PARAM(Ki, hotend) = scalePID_i(workKi); \
          PID_PARAM(Kd, hotend) = scalePID_d(workKd); \
          updatePID(); }while(0)

        // Use the result? (As with "M303 U1")
        if (set_result) {
          #if HAS_PID_FOR_BOTH
            if (hotend < 0)
              _SET_BED_PID();
            else
              _SET_EXTRUDER_PID();
          #elif ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
            _SET_EXTRUDER_PID();
          #else
            _SET_BED_PID();
          #endif
        }
        return;
      }
      lcd_update();
    }
    disable_all_heaters();
  }

#endif // HAS_PID_HEATING

/**
 * Class and Instance Methods
 */

Temperature::Temperature() { }

int Temperature::getHeaterPower(const int heater) {
  return (
    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      heater < 0 ? soft_pwm_amount_bed :
    #endif
    soft_pwm_amount[heater]
  );
}

#if HAS_AUTO_FAN

  void Temperature::checkExtruderAutoFans() {
    static const pin_t fanPin[] PROGMEM = { E0_AUTO_FAN_PIN, E1_AUTO_FAN_PIN, E2_AUTO_FAN_PIN, E3_AUTO_FAN_PIN, E4_AUTO_FAN_PIN, CHAMBER_AUTO_FAN_PIN };
    static const uint8_t fanBit[] PROGMEM = {
                    0,
      AUTO_1_IS_0 ? 0 :               1,
      AUTO_2_IS_0 ? 0 : AUTO_2_IS_1 ? 1 :               2,
      AUTO_3_IS_0 ? 0 : AUTO_3_IS_1 ? 1 : AUTO_3_IS_2 ? 2 :               3,
      AUTO_4_IS_0 ? 0 : AUTO_4_IS_1 ? 1 : AUTO_4_IS_2 ? 2 : AUTO_4_IS_3 ? 3 : 4,
      AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_0 ? 0 : AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_1 ? 1 : AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_2 ? 2 : AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_3 ? 3 : AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_4 ? 4 : 5
    };
    uint8_t fanState = 0;

    HOTEND_LOOP()
      if (current_temperature[e] > EXTRUDER_AUTO_FAN_TEMPERATURE)
        SBI(fanState, pgm_read_byte(&fanBit[e]));

    #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
      if (current_temperature_chamber > EXTRUDER_AUTO_FAN_TEMPERATURE)
        SBI(fanState, pgm_read_byte(&fanBit[5]));
    #endif

    uint8_t fanDone = 0;
    for (uint8_t f = 0; f < COUNT(fanPin); f++) {
      #ifdef ARDUINO
        pin_t pin = pgm_read_byte(&fanPin[f]);
      #else
        pin_t pin = fanPin[f];
      #endif
      const uint8_t bit = pgm_read_byte(&fanBit[f]);
      if (pin >= 0 && !TEST(fanDone, bit)) {
        uint8_t newFanSpeed = TEST(fanState, bit) ? EXTRUDER_AUTO_FAN_SPEED : 0;
        #if ENABLED(AUTO_POWER_E_FANS)
          autofan_speed[f] = newFanSpeed;
        #endif
        // this idiom allows both digital and PWM fan outputs (see M42 handling).
        digitalWrite(pin, newFanSpeed);
        analogWrite(pin, newFanSpeed);
        SBI(fanDone, bit);
      }
    }
  }

#endif // HAS_AUTO_FAN

//
// Temperature Error Handlers
//
void Temperature::_temp_error(const int8_t e, const char * const serial_msg, const char * const lcd_msg) {
  static bool killed = false;
  if (IsRunning()) {
    SERIAL_ERROR_START();
    serialprintPGM(serial_msg);
    SERIAL_ERRORPGM(MSG_STOPPED_HEATER);
    if (e >= 0) SERIAL_ERRORLN((int)e); else SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM(MSG_HEATER_BED);
  }
  #if DISABLED(BOGUS_TEMPERATURE_FAILSAFE_OVERRIDE)
    if (!killed) {
      Running = false;
      killed = true;
      kill(lcd_msg);
    }
    else
      disable_all_heaters(); // paranoia
  #endif
}

void Temperature::max_temp_error(const int8_t e) {
  _temp_error(e, PSTR(MSG_T_MAXTEMP), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_ERR_MAXTEMP, e));
}

void Temperature::min_temp_error(const int8_t e) {
  _temp_error(e, PSTR(MSG_T_MINTEMP), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_ERR_MINTEMP, e));
}

float Temperature::get_pid_output(const int8_t e) {
  #if HOTENDS == 1
    UNUSED(e);
    #define _HOTEND_TEST     true
  #else
    #define _HOTEND_TEST     e == active_extruder
  #endif
  float pid_output;
  #if ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
    #if DISABLED(PID_OPENLOOP)
      pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX] = target_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX] - current_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX];
      dTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] = PID_K2 * PID_PARAM(Kd, HOTEND_INDEX) * (current_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX] - temp_dState[HOTEND_INDEX]) + PID_K1 * dTerm[HOTEND_INDEX];
      temp_dState[HOTEND_INDEX] = current_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX];
      #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
        if (heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[HOTEND_INDEX]) {
          pid_output = 0;
          pid_reset[HOTEND_INDEX] = true;
        }
        else
      #endif
      if (pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX] > PID_FUNCTIONAL_RANGE) {
        pid_output = BANG_MAX;
        pid_reset[HOTEND_INDEX] = true;
      }
      else if (pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX] < -(PID_FUNCTIONAL_RANGE) || target_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX] == 0
        #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
          || heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[HOTEND_INDEX]
        #endif
        ) {
        pid_output = 0;
        pid_reset[HOTEND_INDEX] = true;
      }
      else {
        if (pid_reset[HOTEND_INDEX]) {
          temp_iState[HOTEND_INDEX] = 0.0;
          pid_reset[HOTEND_INDEX] = false;
        }
        pTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] = PID_PARAM(Kp, HOTEND_INDEX) * pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX];
        temp_iState[HOTEND_INDEX] += pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX];
        iTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] = PID_PARAM(Ki, HOTEND_INDEX) * temp_iState[HOTEND_INDEX];

        pid_output = pTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] + iTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] - dTerm[HOTEND_INDEX];

        #if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
          cTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] = 0;
          if (_HOTEND_TEST) {
            const long e_position = stepper.position(E_AXIS);
            if (e_position > last_e_position) {
              lpq[lpq_ptr] = e_position - last_e_position;
              last_e_position = e_position;
            }
            else
              lpq[lpq_ptr] = 0;

            if (++lpq_ptr >= lpq_len) lpq_ptr = 0;
            cTerm[HOTEND_INDEX] = (lpq[lpq_ptr] * planner.steps_to_mm[E_AXIS]) * PID_PARAM(Kc, HOTEND_INDEX);
            pid_output += cTerm[HOTEND_INDEX];
          }
        #endif // PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING

        if (pid_output > PID_MAX) {
          if (pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX] > 0) temp_iState[HOTEND_INDEX] -= pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX]; // conditional un-integration
          pid_output = PID_MAX;
        }
        else if (pid_output < 0) {
          if (pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX] < 0) temp_iState[HOTEND_INDEX] -= pid_error[HOTEND_INDEX]; // conditional un-integration
          pid_output = 0;
        }
      }
    #else
      pid_output = constrain(target_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX], 0, PID_MAX);
    #endif // PID_OPENLOOP

    #if ENABLED(PID_DEBUG)
      SERIAL_ECHO_START();
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG, HOTEND_INDEX);
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_INPUT, current_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX]);
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_OUTPUT, pid_output);
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_PTERM, pTerm[HOTEND_INDEX]);
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_ITERM, iTerm[HOTEND_INDEX]);
      SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_DTERM, dTerm[HOTEND_INDEX]);
      #if ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
        SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(MSG_PID_DEBUG_CTERM, cTerm[HOTEND_INDEX]);
      #endif
      SERIAL_EOL();
    #endif // PID_DEBUG

  #else /* PID off */
    #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
      if (heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[HOTEND_INDEX])
        pid_output = 0;
      else
    #endif
    pid_output = (current_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX] < target_temperature[HOTEND_INDEX]) ? PID_MAX : 0;
  #endif

  return pid_output;
}

#if ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
  float Temperature::get_pid_output_bed() {
    float pid_output;
    #if DISABLED(PID_OPENLOOP)
      pid_error_bed = target_temperature_bed - current_temperature_bed;
      pTerm_bed = bedKp * pid_error_bed;
      temp_iState_bed += pid_error_bed;
      iTerm_bed = bedKi * temp_iState_bed;

      dTerm_bed = PID_K2 * bedKd * (current_temperature_bed - temp_dState_bed) + PID_K1 * dTerm_bed;
      temp_dState_bed = current_temperature_bed;

      pid_output = pTerm_bed + iTerm_bed - dTerm_bed;
      if (pid_output > MAX_BED_POWER) {
        if (pid_error_bed > 0) temp_iState_bed -= pid_error_bed; // conditional un-integration
        pid_output = MAX_BED_POWER;
      }
      else if (pid_output < 0) {
        if (pid_error_bed < 0) temp_iState_bed -= pid_error_bed; // conditional un-integration
        pid_output = 0;
      }
    #else
      pid_output = constrain(target_temperature_bed, 0, MAX_BED_POWER);
    #endif // PID_OPENLOOP

    #if ENABLED(PID_BED_DEBUG)
      SERIAL_ECHO_START();
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(" PID_BED_DEBUG ");
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(": Input ");
      SERIAL_ECHO(current_temperature_bed);
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(" Output ");
      SERIAL_ECHO(pid_output);
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(" pTerm ");
      SERIAL_ECHO(pTerm_bed);
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(" iTerm ");
      SERIAL_ECHO(iTerm_bed);
      SERIAL_ECHOPGM(" dTerm ");
      SERIAL_ECHOLN(dTerm_bed);
    #endif // PID_BED_DEBUG

    return pid_output;
  }
#endif // PIDTEMPBED

/**
 * Manage heating activities for extruder hot-ends and a heated bed
 *  - Acquire updated temperature readings
 *    - Also resets the watchdog timer
 *  - Invoke thermal runaway protection
 *  - Manage extruder auto-fan
 *  - Apply filament width to the extrusion rate (may move)
 *  - Update the heated bed PID output value
 */
void Temperature::manage_heater() {

  #if EARLY_WATCHDOG
    // If thermal manager is still not running, make sure to at least reset the watchdog!
    if (!inited) {
      watchdog_reset();
      return;
    }
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF) && ENABLED(BED_LIMIT_SWITCHING)
    static bool last_pause_state;
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(EMERGENCY_PARSER)
    if (emergency_parser.killed_by_M112) kill(PSTR(MSG_KILLED));
  #endif

  if (!temp_meas_ready) return;

  updateTemperaturesFromRawValues(); // also resets the watchdog

  #if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
    if (current_temperature[0] > MIN(HEATER_0_MAXTEMP, MAX6675_TMAX - 1.0)) max_temp_error(0);
    if (current_temperature[0] < MAX(HEATER_0_MINTEMP, MAX6675_TMIN + .01)) min_temp_error(0);
  #endif

  #if WATCH_HOTENDS || WATCH_THE_BED || DISABLED(PIDTEMPBED) || HAS_AUTO_FAN || HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
    millis_t ms = millis();
  #endif

  HOTEND_LOOP() {

    #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
      if (!heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[e] && heater_idle_timeout_ms[e] && ELAPSED(ms, heater_idle_timeout_ms[e]))
        heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[e] = true;
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(THERMAL_PROTECTION_HOTENDS)
      // Check for thermal runaway
      thermal_runaway_protection(&thermal_runaway_state_machine[e], &thermal_runaway_timer[e], current_temperature[e], target_temperature[e], e, THERMAL_PROTECTION_PERIOD, THERMAL_PROTECTION_HYSTERESIS);
    #endif

    soft_pwm_amount[e] = (current_temperature[e] > minttemp[e] || is_preheating(e)) && current_temperature[e] < maxttemp[e] ? (int)get_pid_output(e) >> 1 : 0;

    #if WATCH_HOTENDS
      // Make sure temperature is increasing
      if (watch_heater_next_ms[e] && ELAPSED(ms, watch_heater_next_ms[e])) { // Time to check this extruder?
        if (degHotend(e) < watch_target_temp[e])                             // Failed to increase enough?
          _temp_error(e, PSTR(MSG_T_HEATING_FAILED), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_HEATING_FAILED_LCD, e));
        else                                                                 // Start again if the target is still far off
          start_watching_heater(e);
      }
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
      // Make sure measured temperatures are close together
      if (ABS(current_temperature[0] - redundant_temperature) > MAX_REDUNDANT_TEMP_SENSOR_DIFF)
        _temp_error(0, PSTR(MSG_REDUNDANCY), PSTR(MSG_ERR_REDUNDANT_TEMP));
    #endif

  } // HOTEND_LOOP

  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN
    if (ELAPSED(ms, next_auto_fan_check_ms)) { // only need to check fan state very infrequently
      checkExtruderAutoFans();
      next_auto_fan_check_ms = ms + 2500UL;
    }
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
    /**
     * Filament Width Sensor dynamically sets the volumetric multiplier
     * based on a delayed measurement of the filament diameter.
     */
    if (filament_sensor) {
      meas_shift_index = filwidth_delay_index[0] - meas_delay_cm;
      if (meas_shift_index < 0) meas_shift_index += MAX_MEASUREMENT_DELAY + 1;  //loop around buffer if needed
      meas_shift_index = constrain(meas_shift_index, 0, MAX_MEASUREMENT_DELAY);
      planner.calculate_volumetric_for_width_sensor(measurement_delay[meas_shift_index]);
    }
  #endif // FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR

  #if HAS_HEATED_BED

    #if WATCH_THE_BED
      // Make sure temperature is increasing
      if (watch_bed_next_ms && ELAPSED(ms, watch_bed_next_ms)) {        // Time to check the bed?
        if (degBed() < watch_target_bed_temp)                           // Failed to increase enough?
          _temp_error(-1, PSTR(MSG_T_HEATING_FAILED), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_HEATING_FAILED_LCD, -1));
        else                                                            // Start again if the target is still far off
          start_watching_bed();
      }
    #endif // WATCH_THE_BED

    #if DISABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
      if (PENDING(ms, next_bed_check_ms)
        #if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF) && ENABLED(BED_LIMIT_SWITCHING)
          && paused == last_pause_state
        #endif
      ) return;
      next_bed_check_ms = ms + BED_CHECK_INTERVAL;
      #if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF) && ENABLED(BED_LIMIT_SWITCHING)
        last_pause_state = paused;
      #endif
    #endif

    #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
      if (!bed_idle_timeout_exceeded && bed_idle_timeout_ms && ELAPSED(ms, bed_idle_timeout_ms))
        bed_idle_timeout_exceeded = true;
    #endif

    #if HAS_THERMALLY_PROTECTED_BED
      thermal_runaway_protection(&thermal_runaway_bed_state_machine, &thermal_runaway_bed_timer, current_temperature_bed, target_temperature_bed, -1, THERMAL_PROTECTION_BED_PERIOD, THERMAL_PROTECTION_BED_HYSTERESIS);
    #endif

    #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
      if (bed_idle_timeout_exceeded) {
        soft_pwm_amount_bed = 0;
        #if DISABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
          WRITE_HEATER_BED(LOW);
        #endif
      }
      else
    #endif
    {
      #if ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
        soft_pwm_amount_bed = WITHIN(current_temperature_bed, BED_MINTEMP, BED_MAXTEMP) ? (int)get_pid_output_bed() >> 1 : 0;
      #else
        // Check if temperature is within the correct band
        if (WITHIN(current_temperature_bed, BED_MINTEMP, BED_MAXTEMP)) {
          #if ENABLED(BED_LIMIT_SWITCHING)
            if (current_temperature_bed >= target_temperature_bed + BED_HYSTERESIS)
              soft_pwm_amount_bed = 0;
            else if (current_temperature_bed <= target_temperature_bed - (BED_HYSTERESIS))
              soft_pwm_amount_bed = MAX_BED_POWER >> 1;
          #else // !PIDTEMPBED && !BED_LIMIT_SWITCHING
            soft_pwm_amount_bed = current_temperature_bed < target_temperature_bed ? MAX_BED_POWER >> 1 : 0;
          #endif
        }
        else {
          soft_pwm_amount_bed = 0;
          WRITE_HEATER_BED(LOW);
        }
      #endif
    }
  #endif // HAS_HEATED_BED
}

#define TEMP_AD595(RAW)  ((RAW) * 5.0 * 100.0 / 1024.0 / (OVERSAMPLENR) * (TEMP_SENSOR_AD595_GAIN) + TEMP_SENSOR_AD595_OFFSET)
#define TEMP_AD8495(RAW) ((RAW) * 6.6 * 100.0 / 1024.0 / (OVERSAMPLENR) * (TEMP_SENSOR_AD8495_GAIN) + TEMP_SENSOR_AD8495_OFFSET)

/**
 * Bisect search for the range of the 'raw' value, then interpolate
 * proportionally between the under and over values.
 */
#define SCAN_THERMISTOR_TABLE(TBL,LEN) do{                             \
  uint8_t l = 0, r = LEN, m;                                           \
  for (;;) {                                                           \
    m = (l + r) >> 1;                                                  \
    if (m == l || m == r) return (short)pgm_read_word(&TBL[LEN-1][1]); \
    short v00 = pgm_read_word(&TBL[m-1][0]),                           \
          v10 = pgm_read_word(&TBL[m-0][0]);                           \
         if (raw < v00) r = m;                                         \
    else if (raw > v10) l = m;                                         \
    else {                                                             \
      const short v01 = (short)pgm_read_word(&TBL[m-1][1]),            \
                  v11 = (short)pgm_read_word(&TBL[m-0][1]);            \
      return v01 + (raw - v00) * float(v11 - v01) / float(v10 - v00);  \
    }                                                                  \
  }                                                                    \
}while(0)

// Derived from RepRap FiveD extruder::getTemperature()
// For hot end temperature measurement.
float Temperature::analog2temp(const int raw, const uint8_t e) {
  #if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
    if (e > HOTENDS)
  #else
    if (e >= HOTENDS)
  #endif
    {
      SERIAL_ERROR_START();
      SERIAL_ERROR((int)e);
      SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM(MSG_INVALID_EXTRUDER_NUM);
      kill(PSTR(MSG_KILLED));
      return 0.0;
    }

  switch (e) {
    case 0:
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
        return raw * 0.25;
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_AD595)
        return TEMP_AD595(raw);
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_AD8495)
        return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
      #else
        break;
      #endif
    case 1:
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_1_USES_AD595)
        return TEMP_AD595(raw);
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_1_USES_AD8495)
        return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
      #else
        break;
      #endif
    case 2:
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_2_USES_AD595)
        return TEMP_AD595(raw);
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_2_USES_AD8495)
        return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
      #else
        break;
      #endif
    case 3:
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_3_USES_AD595)
        return TEMP_AD595(raw);
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_3_USES_AD8495)
        return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
      #else
        break;
      #endif
    case 4:
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_4_USES_AD595)
        return TEMP_AD595(raw);
      #elif ENABLED(HEATER_4_USES_AD8495)
        return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
      #else
        break;
      #endif
    default: break;
  }

  #if HOTEND_USES_THERMISTOR
    // Thermistor with conversion table?
    const short(*tt)[][2] = (short(*)[][2])(heater_ttbl_map[e]);
    SCAN_THERMISTOR_TABLE((*tt), heater_ttbllen_map[e]);
  #endif

  return 0;
}

#if HAS_HEATED_BED
  // Derived from RepRap FiveD extruder::getTemperature()
  // For bed temperature measurement.
  float Temperature::analog2tempBed(const int raw) {
    #if ENABLED(HEATER_BED_USES_THERMISTOR)
      SCAN_THERMISTOR_TABLE(BEDTEMPTABLE, BEDTEMPTABLE_LEN);
    #elif ENABLED(HEATER_BED_USES_AD595)
      return TEMP_AD595(raw);
    #elif ENABLED(HEATER_BED_USES_AD8495)
      return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
    #else
      return 0;
    #endif
  }
#endif // HAS_HEATED_BED

#if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
  // Derived from RepRap FiveD extruder::getTemperature()
  // For chamber temperature measurement.
  float Temperature::analog2tempChamber(const int raw) {
    #if ENABLED(HEATER_CHAMBER_USES_THERMISTOR)
      SCAN_THERMISTOR_TABLE(CHAMBERTEMPTABLE, CHAMBERTEMPTABLE_LEN);
    #elif ENABLED(HEATER_CHAMBER_USES_AD595)
      return TEMP_AD595(raw);
    #elif ENABLED(HEATER_CHAMBER_USES_AD8495)
      return TEMP_AD8495(raw);
    #else
      return 0;
    #endif
  }
#endif // HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER

/**
 * Get the raw values into the actual temperatures.
 * The raw values are created in interrupt context,
 * and this function is called from normal context
 * as it would block the stepper routine.
 */
void Temperature::updateTemperaturesFromRawValues() {
  #if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
    current_temperature_raw[0] = read_max6675();
  #endif
  HOTEND_LOOP() current_temperature[e] = Temperature::analog2temp(current_temperature_raw[e], e);
  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    current_temperature_bed = Temperature::analog2tempBed(current_temperature_bed_raw);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
    current_temperature_chamber = Temperature::analog2tempChamber(current_temperature_chamber_raw);
  #endif
  #if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
    redundant_temperature = Temperature::analog2temp(redundant_temperature_raw, 1);
  #endif
  #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
    filament_width_meas = analog2widthFil();
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(USE_WATCHDOG)
    // Reset the watchdog after we know we have a temperature measurement.
    watchdog_reset();
  #endif

  temp_meas_ready = false;
}


#if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)

  // Convert raw Filament Width to millimeters
  float Temperature::analog2widthFil() {
    return current_raw_filwidth * 5.0 * (1.0 / 16383.0);
  }

  /**
   * Convert Filament Width (mm) to a simple ratio
   * and reduce to an 8 bit value.
   *
   * A nominal width of 1.75 and measured width of 1.73
   * gives (100 * 1.75 / 1.73) for a ratio of 101 and
   * a return value of 1.
   */
  int8_t Temperature::widthFil_to_size_ratio() {
    if (ABS(filament_width_nominal - filament_width_meas) <= FILWIDTH_ERROR_MARGIN)
      return int(100.0 * filament_width_nominal / filament_width_meas) - 100;
    return 0;
  }

#endif

#if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
  #ifndef MAX6675_SCK_PIN
    #define MAX6675_SCK_PIN SCK_PIN
  #endif
  #ifndef MAX6675_DO_PIN
    #define MAX6675_DO_PIN MISO_PIN
  #endif
  SPIclass<MAX6675_DO_PIN, MOSI_PIN, MAX6675_SCK_PIN> max6675_spi;
#endif

/**
 * Initialize the temperature manager
 * The manager is implemented by periodic calls to manage_heater()
 */
void Temperature::init() {

  #if EARLY_WATCHDOG
    // Flag that the thermalManager should be running
    if (inited) return;
    inited = true;
  #endif

  #if MB(RUMBA) && ( \
       ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_1_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_2_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_3_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_4_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_BED_USES_AD595)  || ENABLED(HEATER_CHAMBER_USES_AD595) \
    || ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_1_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_2_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_3_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_4_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_BED_USES_AD8495) || ENABLED(HEATER_CHAMBER_USES_AD8495))
    // Disable RUMBA JTAG in case the thermocouple extension is plugged on top of JTAG connector
    MCUCR = _BV(JTD);
    MCUCR = _BV(JTD);
  #endif

  // Finish init of mult hotend arrays
  HOTEND_LOOP() maxttemp[e] = maxttemp[0];

  #if ENABLED(PIDTEMP) && ENABLED(PID_EXTRUSION_SCALING)
    last_e_position = 0;
  #endif

  #if HAS_HEATER_0
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_0_PIN, HEATER_0_INVERTING);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATER_1
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_1_PIN, HEATER_1_INVERTING);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATER_2
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_2_PIN, HEATER_2_INVERTING);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATER_3
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_3_PIN, HEATER_3_INVERTING);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATER_4
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_3_PIN, HEATER_4_INVERTING);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    OUT_WRITE(HEATER_BED_PIN, HEATER_BED_INVERTING);
  #endif

  #if HAS_FAN0
    SET_OUTPUT(FAN_PIN);
    #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
      setPwmFrequency(FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
    #endif
  #endif

  #if HAS_FAN1
    SET_OUTPUT(FAN1_PIN);
    #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
      setPwmFrequency(FAN1_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
    #endif
  #endif

  #if HAS_FAN2
    SET_OUTPUT(FAN2_PIN);
    #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
      setPwmFrequency(FAN2_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
    #endif
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)

    OUT_WRITE(SCK_PIN, LOW);
    OUT_WRITE(MOSI_PIN, HIGH);
    SET_INPUT_PULLUP(MISO_PIN);

    max6675_spi.init();

    OUT_WRITE(SS_PIN, HIGH);
    OUT_WRITE(MAX6675_SS, HIGH);

  #endif // HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675

  HAL_adc_init();

  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_0_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_1
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_1_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_2
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_2_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_3
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_3_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_4
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_4_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_BED_PIN);
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(TEMP_CHAMBER_PIN);
  #endif
  #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
    HAL_ANALOG_SELECT(FILWIDTH_PIN);
  #endif

  HAL_timer_start(TEMP_TIMER_NUM, TEMP_TIMER_FREQUENCY);
  ENABLE_TEMPERATURE_INTERRUPT();

  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN_0
    #if E0_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(E0_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(E0_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(E0_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif
  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN_1 && !AUTO_1_IS_0
    #if E1_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(E1_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(E1_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(E1_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif
  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN_2 && !AUTO_2_IS_0 && !AUTO_2_IS_1
    #if E2_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(E2_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(E2_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(E2_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif
  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN_3 && !AUTO_3_IS_0 && !AUTO_3_IS_1 && !AUTO_3_IS_2
    #if E3_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(E3_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(E3_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(E3_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif
  #if HAS_AUTO_FAN_4 && !AUTO_4_IS_0 && !AUTO_4_IS_1 && !AUTO_4_IS_2 && !AUTO_4_IS_3
    #if E4_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(E4_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(E4_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(E4_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif
  #if HAS_AUTO_CHAMBER_FAN && !AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_0 && !AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_1 && !AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_2 && !AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_3 && ! AUTO_CHAMBER_IS_4
    #if CHAMBER_AUTO_FAN_PIN == FAN1_PIN
      SET_OUTPUT(CHAMBER_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
      #if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)
        setPwmFrequency(CHAMBER_AUTO_FAN_PIN, 1); // No prescaling. Pwm frequency = F_CPU/256/8
      #endif
    #else
      SET_OUTPUT(CHAMBER_AUTO_FAN_PIN);
    #endif
  #endif

  // Wait for temperature measurement to settle
  delay(250);

  #define TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(NR) \
    minttemp[NR] = HEATER_ ##NR## _MINTEMP; \
    while (analog2temp(minttemp_raw[NR], NR) < HEATER_ ##NR## _MINTEMP) { \
      if (HEATER_ ##NR## _RAW_LO_TEMP < HEATER_ ##NR## _RAW_HI_TEMP) \
        minttemp_raw[NR] += OVERSAMPLENR; \
      else \
        minttemp_raw[NR] -= OVERSAMPLENR; \
    }
  #define TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(NR) \
    maxttemp[NR] = HEATER_ ##NR## _MAXTEMP; \
    while (analog2temp(maxttemp_raw[NR], NR) > HEATER_ ##NR## _MAXTEMP) { \
      if (HEATER_ ##NR## _RAW_LO_TEMP < HEATER_ ##NR## _RAW_HI_TEMP) \
        maxttemp_raw[NR] -= OVERSAMPLENR; \
      else \
        maxttemp_raw[NR] += OVERSAMPLENR; \
    }

  #ifdef HEATER_0_MINTEMP
    TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(0);
  #endif
  #ifdef HEATER_0_MAXTEMP
    TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(0);
  #endif
  #if HOTENDS > 1
    #ifdef HEATER_1_MINTEMP
      TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(1);
    #endif
    #ifdef HEATER_1_MAXTEMP
      TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(1);
    #endif
    #if HOTENDS > 2
      #ifdef HEATER_2_MINTEMP
        TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(2);
      #endif
      #ifdef HEATER_2_MAXTEMP
        TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(2);
      #endif
      #if HOTENDS > 3
        #ifdef HEATER_3_MINTEMP
          TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(3);
        #endif
        #ifdef HEATER_3_MAXTEMP
          TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(3);
        #endif
        #if HOTENDS > 4
          #ifdef HEATER_4_MINTEMP
            TEMP_MIN_ROUTINE(4);
          #endif
          #ifdef HEATER_4_MAXTEMP
            TEMP_MAX_ROUTINE(4);
          #endif
        #endif // HOTENDS > 4
      #endif // HOTENDS > 3
    #endif // HOTENDS > 2
  #endif // HOTENDS > 1

  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    #ifdef BED_MINTEMP
      while (analog2tempBed(bed_minttemp_raw) < BED_MINTEMP) {
        #if HEATER_BED_RAW_LO_TEMP < HEATER_BED_RAW_HI_TEMP
          bed_minttemp_raw += OVERSAMPLENR;
        #else
          bed_minttemp_raw -= OVERSAMPLENR;
        #endif
      }
    #endif // BED_MINTEMP
    #ifdef BED_MAXTEMP
      while (analog2tempBed(bed_maxttemp_raw) > BED_MAXTEMP) {
        #if HEATER_BED_RAW_LO_TEMP < HEATER_BED_RAW_HI_TEMP
          bed_maxttemp_raw -= OVERSAMPLENR;
        #else
          bed_maxttemp_raw += OVERSAMPLENR;
        #endif
      }
    #endif // BED_MAXTEMP
  #endif // HAS_HEATED_BED

  #if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF)
    paused = false;
  #endif
}

#if ENABLED(FAST_PWM_FAN)

  void Temperature::setPwmFrequency(const pin_t pin, int val) {
    #if defined(ARDUINO) && !defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAM)
      val &= 0x07;
      switch (digitalPinToTimer(pin)) {
        #ifdef TCCR0A
          #if !AVR_AT90USB1286_FAMILY
            case TIMER0A:
          #endif
          case TIMER0B:                           //_SET_CS(0, val);
                                                    break;
        #endif
        #ifdef TCCR1A
          case TIMER1A: case TIMER1B:             //_SET_CS(1, val);
                                                    break;
        #endif
        #if defined(TCCR2) || defined(TCCR2A)
          #ifdef TCCR2
            case TIMER2:
          #endif
          #ifdef TCCR2A
            case TIMER2A: case TIMER2B:
          #endif
                                                    _SET_CS(2, val); break;
        #endif
        #ifdef TCCR3A
          case TIMER3A: case TIMER3B: case TIMER3C: _SET_CS(3, val); break;
        #endif
        #ifdef TCCR4A
          case TIMER4A: case TIMER4B: case TIMER4C: _SET_CS(4, val); break;
        #endif
        #ifdef TCCR5A
          case TIMER5A: case TIMER5B: case TIMER5C: _SET_CS(5, val); break;
        #endif
      }
    #endif
  }

#endif // FAST_PWM_FAN

#if WATCH_HOTENDS
  /**
   * Start Heating Sanity Check for hotends that are below
   * their target temperature by a configurable margin.
   * This is called when the temperature is set. (M104, M109)
   */
  void Temperature::start_watching_heater(const uint8_t e) {
    #if HOTENDS == 1
      UNUSED(e);
    #endif
    if (degHotend(HOTEND_INDEX) < degTargetHotend(HOTEND_INDEX) - (WATCH_TEMP_INCREASE + TEMP_HYSTERESIS + 1)) {
      watch_target_temp[HOTEND_INDEX] = degHotend(HOTEND_INDEX) + WATCH_TEMP_INCREASE;
      watch_heater_next_ms[HOTEND_INDEX] = millis() + (WATCH_TEMP_PERIOD) * 1000UL;
    }
    else
      watch_heater_next_ms[HOTEND_INDEX] = 0;
  }
#endif

#if WATCH_THE_BED
  /**
   * Start Heating Sanity Check for hotends that are below
   * their target temperature by a configurable margin.
   * This is called when the temperature is set. (M140, M190)
   */
  void Temperature::start_watching_bed() {
    if (degBed() < degTargetBed() - (WATCH_BED_TEMP_INCREASE + TEMP_BED_HYSTERESIS + 1)) {
      watch_target_bed_temp = degBed() + WATCH_BED_TEMP_INCREASE;
      watch_bed_next_ms = millis() + (WATCH_BED_TEMP_PERIOD) * 1000UL;
    }
    else
      watch_bed_next_ms = 0;
  }
#endif

#if ENABLED(THERMAL_PROTECTION_HOTENDS) || HAS_THERMALLY_PROTECTED_BED

  #if ENABLED(THERMAL_PROTECTION_HOTENDS)
    Temperature::TRState Temperature::thermal_runaway_state_machine[HOTENDS] = { TRInactive };
    millis_t Temperature::thermal_runaway_timer[HOTENDS] = { 0 };
  #endif

  #if HAS_THERMALLY_PROTECTED_BED
    Temperature::TRState Temperature::thermal_runaway_bed_state_machine = TRInactive;
    millis_t Temperature::thermal_runaway_bed_timer;
  #endif

  void Temperature::thermal_runaway_protection(Temperature::TRState * const state, millis_t * const timer, const float &current, const float &target, const int8_t heater_id, const uint16_t period_seconds, const uint16_t hysteresis_degc) {

    static float tr_target_temperature[HOTENDS + 1] = { 0.0 };

    /**
        SERIAL_ECHO_START();
        SERIAL_ECHOPGM("Thermal Thermal Runaway Running. Heater ID: ");
        if (heater_id < 0) SERIAL_ECHOPGM("bed"); else SERIAL_ECHO(heater_id);
        SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  State:", *state);
        SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  Timer:", *timer);
        SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  Temperature:", current);
        SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  Target Temp:", target);
        if (heater_id >= 0)
          SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  Idle Timeout:", heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[heater_id]);
        else
          SERIAL_ECHOPAIR(" ;  Idle Timeout:", bed_idle_timeout_exceeded);
        SERIAL_EOL();
    */

    const int heater_index = heater_id >= 0 ? heater_id : HOTENDS;

    #if HEATER_IDLE_HANDLER
      // If the heater idle timeout expires, restart
      if ((heater_id >= 0 && heater_idle_timeout_exceeded[heater_id])
        #if HAS_HEATED_BED
          || (heater_id < 0 && bed_idle_timeout_exceeded)
        #endif
      ) {
        *state = TRInactive;
        tr_target_temperature[heater_index] = 0;
      }
      else
    #endif
    {
      // If the target temperature changes, restart
      if (tr_target_temperature[heater_index] != target) {
        tr_target_temperature[heater_index] = target;
        *state = target > 0 ? TRFirstHeating : TRInactive;
      }
    }

    switch (*state) {
      // Inactive state waits for a target temperature to be set
      case TRInactive: break;
      // When first heating, wait for the temperature to be reached then go to Stable state
      case TRFirstHeating:
        if (current < tr_target_temperature[heater_index]) break;
        *state = TRStable;
      // While the temperature is stable watch for a bad temperature
      case TRStable:
        if (current >= tr_target_temperature[heater_index] - hysteresis_degc) {
          *timer = millis() + period_seconds * 1000UL;
          break;
        }
        else if (PENDING(millis(), *timer)) break;
        *state = TRRunaway;
      case TRRunaway:
        _temp_error(heater_id, PSTR(MSG_T_THERMAL_RUNAWAY), TEMP_ERR_PSTR(MSG_THERMAL_RUNAWAY, heater_id));
    }
  }

#endif // THERMAL_PROTECTION_HOTENDS || THERMAL_PROTECTION_BED

void Temperature::disable_all_heaters() {

  #if ENABLED(AUTOTEMP)
    planner.autotemp_enabled = false;
  #endif

  HOTEND_LOOP() setTargetHotend(0, e);

  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    setTargetBed(0);
  #endif

  // Unpause and reset everything
  #if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF)
    pause(false);
  #endif

  // If all heaters go down then for sure our print job has stopped
  print_job_timer.stop();

  #define DISABLE_HEATER(NR) { \
    setTargetHotend(0, NR); \
    soft_pwm_amount[NR] = 0; \
    WRITE_HEATER_ ##NR (LOW); \
  }

  #if HAS_TEMP_HOTEND
    DISABLE_HEATER(0);
    #if HOTENDS > 1
      DISABLE_HEATER(1);
      #if HOTENDS > 2
        DISABLE_HEATER(2);
        #if HOTENDS > 3
          DISABLE_HEATER(3);
          #if HOTENDS > 4
            DISABLE_HEATER(4);
          #endif // HOTENDS > 4
        #endif // HOTENDS > 3
      #endif // HOTENDS > 2
    #endif // HOTENDS > 1
  #endif

  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    target_temperature_bed = 0;
    soft_pwm_amount_bed = 0;
    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      WRITE_HEATER_BED(LOW);
    #endif
  #endif
}

#if ENABLED(PROBING_HEATERS_OFF)

  void Temperature::pause(const bool p) {
    if (p != paused) {
      paused = p;
      if (p) {
        HOTEND_LOOP() start_heater_idle_timer(e, 0); // timeout immediately
        #if HAS_HEATED_BED
          start_bed_idle_timer(0); // timeout immediately
        #endif
      }
      else {
        HOTEND_LOOP() reset_heater_idle_timer(e);
        #if HAS_HEATED_BED
          reset_bed_idle_timer();
        #endif
      }
    }
  }

#endif // PROBING_HEATERS_OFF

#if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)

  #define MAX6675_HEAT_INTERVAL 250u

  #if ENABLED(MAX6675_IS_MAX31855)
    uint32_t max6675_temp = 2000;
    #define MAX6675_ERROR_MASK 7
    #define MAX6675_DISCARD_BITS 18
    #define MAX6675_SPEED_BITS 3  // (_BV(SPR1)) // clock ÷ 64
  #else
    uint16_t max6675_temp = 2000;
    #define MAX6675_ERROR_MASK 4
    #define MAX6675_DISCARD_BITS 3
    #define MAX6675_SPEED_BITS 2 // (_BV(SPR0)) // clock ÷ 16
  #endif

  int Temperature::read_max6675() {

    static millis_t next_max6675_ms = 0;

    millis_t ms = millis();

    if (PENDING(ms, next_max6675_ms)) return (int)max6675_temp;

    next_max6675_ms = ms + MAX6675_HEAT_INTERVAL;

    spiBegin();
    spiInit(MAX6675_SPEED_BITS);

    WRITE(MAX6675_SS, 0); // enable TT_MAX6675

    DELAY_NS(100);       // Ensure 100ns delay

    // Read a big-endian temperature value
    max6675_temp = 0;
    for (uint8_t i = sizeof(max6675_temp); i--;) {
      max6675_temp |= spiRec();
      if (i > 0) max6675_temp <<= 8; // shift left if not the last byte
    }

    WRITE(MAX6675_SS, 1); // disable TT_MAX6675

    if (max6675_temp & MAX6675_ERROR_MASK) {
      SERIAL_ERROR_START();
      SERIAL_ERRORPGM("Temp measurement error! ");
      #if MAX6675_ERROR_MASK == 7
        SERIAL_ERRORPGM("MAX31855 ");
        if (max6675_temp & 1)
          SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM("Open Circuit");
        else if (max6675_temp & 2)
          SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM("Short to GND");
        else if (max6675_temp & 4)
          SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM("Short to VCC");
      #else
        SERIAL_ERRORLNPGM("MAX6675");
      #endif
      max6675_temp = MAX6675_TMAX * 4; // thermocouple open
    }
    else
      max6675_temp >>= MAX6675_DISCARD_BITS;
      #if ENABLED(MAX6675_IS_MAX31855)
        // Support negative temperature
        if (max6675_temp & 0x00002000) max6675_temp |= 0xFFFFC000;
      #endif

    return (int)max6675_temp;
  }

#endif // HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675

/**
 * Get raw temperatures
 */
void Temperature::set_current_temp_raw() {
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0 && DISABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
    current_temperature_raw[0] = raw_temp_value[0];
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_1
    #if ENABLED(TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT)
      redundant_temperature_raw = raw_temp_value[1];
    #else
      current_temperature_raw[1] = raw_temp_value[1];
    #endif
    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_2
      current_temperature_raw[2] = raw_temp_value[2];
      #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_3
        current_temperature_raw[3] = raw_temp_value[3];
        #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_4
          current_temperature_raw[4] = raw_temp_value[4];
        #endif
      #endif
    #endif
  #endif

  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    current_temperature_bed_raw = raw_temp_bed_value;
  #endif
  #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
    current_temperature_chamber_raw = raw_temp_chamber_value;
  #endif
  temp_meas_ready = true;
}

/**
 * Timer 0 is shared with millies so don't change the prescaler.
 *
 * On AVR this ISR uses the compare method so it runs at the base
 * frequency (16 MHz / 64 / 256 = 976.5625 Hz), but at the TCNT0 set
 * in OCR0B above (128 or halfway between OVFs).
 *
 *  - Manage PWM to all the heaters and fan
 *  - Prepare or Measure one of the raw ADC sensor values
 *  - Check new temperature values for MIN/MAX errors (kill on error)
 *  - Step the babysteps value for each axis towards 0
 *  - For PINS_DEBUGGING, monitor and report endstop pins
 *  - For ENDSTOP_INTERRUPTS_FEATURE check endstops if flagged
 *  - Call planner.tick to count down its "ignore" time
 */
HAL_TEMP_TIMER_ISR {
  HAL_timer_isr_prologue(TEMP_TIMER_NUM);

  Temperature::isr();

  HAL_timer_isr_epilogue(TEMP_TIMER_NUM);
}

void Temperature::isr() {

  static int8_t temp_count = -1;
  static ADCSensorState adc_sensor_state = StartupDelay;
  static uint8_t pwm_count = _BV(SOFT_PWM_SCALE);
  // avoid multiple loads of pwm_count
  uint8_t pwm_count_tmp = pwm_count;
  #if ENABLED(ADC_KEYPAD)
    static unsigned int raw_ADCKey_value = 0;
  #endif

  // Static members for each heater
  #if ENABLED(SLOW_PWM_HEATERS)
    static uint8_t slow_pwm_count = 0;
    #define ISR_STATICS(n) \
      static uint8_t soft_pwm_count_ ## n, \
                     state_heater_ ## n = 0, \
                     state_timer_heater_ ## n = 0
  #else
    #define ISR_STATICS(n) static uint8_t soft_pwm_count_ ## n = 0
  #endif

  // Statics per heater
  ISR_STATICS(0);
  #if HOTENDS > 1
    ISR_STATICS(1);
    #if HOTENDS > 2
      ISR_STATICS(2);
      #if HOTENDS > 3
        ISR_STATICS(3);
        #if HOTENDS > 4
          ISR_STATICS(4);
        #endif // HOTENDS > 4
      #endif // HOTENDS > 3
    #endif // HOTENDS > 2
  #endif // HOTENDS > 1
  #if HAS_HEATED_BED
    ISR_STATICS(BED);
  #endif

  #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
    static unsigned long raw_filwidth_value = 0;
  #endif

  #if DISABLED(SLOW_PWM_HEATERS)
    constexpr uint8_t pwm_mask =
      #if ENABLED(SOFT_PWM_DITHER)
        _BV(SOFT_PWM_SCALE) - 1
      #else
        0
      #endif
    ;

    /**
     * Standard PWM modulation
     */
    if (pwm_count_tmp >= 127) {
      pwm_count_tmp -= 127;
      soft_pwm_count_0 = (soft_pwm_count_0 & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount[0];
      WRITE_HEATER_0(soft_pwm_count_0 > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
      #if HOTENDS > 1
        soft_pwm_count_1 = (soft_pwm_count_1 & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount[1];
        WRITE_HEATER_1(soft_pwm_count_1 > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
        #if HOTENDS > 2
          soft_pwm_count_2 = (soft_pwm_count_2 & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount[2];
          WRITE_HEATER_2(soft_pwm_count_2 > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
          #if HOTENDS > 3
            soft_pwm_count_3 = (soft_pwm_count_3 & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount[3];
            WRITE_HEATER_3(soft_pwm_count_3 > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
            #if HOTENDS > 4
              soft_pwm_count_4 = (soft_pwm_count_4 & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount[4];
              WRITE_HEATER_4(soft_pwm_count_4 > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
            #endif // HOTENDS > 4
          #endif // HOTENDS > 3
        #endif // HOTENDS > 2
      #endif // HOTENDS > 1

      #if HAS_HEATED_BED
        soft_pwm_count_BED = (soft_pwm_count_BED & pwm_mask) + soft_pwm_amount_bed;
        WRITE_HEATER_BED(soft_pwm_count_BED > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
      #endif

      #if ENABLED(FAN_SOFT_PWM)
        #if HAS_FAN0
          soft_pwm_count_fan[0] = (soft_pwm_count_fan[0] & pwm_mask) + (soft_pwm_amount_fan[0] >> 1);
          WRITE_FAN(soft_pwm_count_fan[0] > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN1
          soft_pwm_count_fan[1] = (soft_pwm_count_fan[1] & pwm_mask) + (soft_pwm_amount_fan[1] >> 1);
          WRITE_FAN1(soft_pwm_count_fan[1] > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN2
          soft_pwm_count_fan[2] = (soft_pwm_count_fan[2] & pwm_mask) + (soft_pwm_amount_fan[2] >> 1);
          WRITE_FAN2(soft_pwm_count_fan[2] > pwm_mask ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
      #endif
    }
    else {
      if (soft_pwm_count_0 <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_0(LOW);
      #if HOTENDS > 1
        if (soft_pwm_count_1 <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_1(LOW);
        #if HOTENDS > 2
          if (soft_pwm_count_2 <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_2(LOW);
          #if HOTENDS > 3
            if (soft_pwm_count_3 <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_3(LOW);
            #if HOTENDS > 4
              if (soft_pwm_count_4 <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_4(LOW);
            #endif // HOTENDS > 4
          #endif // HOTENDS > 3
        #endif // HOTENDS > 2
      #endif // HOTENDS > 1

      #if HAS_HEATED_BED
        if (soft_pwm_count_BED <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_HEATER_BED(LOW);
      #endif

      #if ENABLED(FAN_SOFT_PWM)
        #if HAS_FAN0
          if (soft_pwm_count_fan[0] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN(LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN1
          if (soft_pwm_count_fan[1] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN1(LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN2
          if (soft_pwm_count_fan[2] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN2(LOW);
        #endif
      #endif
    }

    // SOFT_PWM_SCALE to frequency:
    //
    // 0: 16000000/64/256/128 =   7.6294 Hz
    // 1:                / 64 =  15.2588 Hz
    // 2:                / 32 =  30.5176 Hz
    // 3:                / 16 =  61.0352 Hz
    // 4:                /  8 = 122.0703 Hz
    // 5:                /  4 = 244.1406 Hz
    pwm_count = pwm_count_tmp + _BV(SOFT_PWM_SCALE);

  #else // SLOW_PWM_HEATERS

    /**
     * SLOW PWM HEATERS
     *
     * For relay-driven heaters
     */
    #ifndef MIN_STATE_TIME
      #define MIN_STATE_TIME 16 // MIN_STATE_TIME * 65.5 = time in milliseconds
    #endif

    // Macros for Slow PWM timer logic
    #define _SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(NR, src) \
      soft_pwm_count_ ##NR = src; \
      if (soft_pwm_count_ ##NR > 0) { \
        if (state_timer_heater_ ##NR == 0) { \
          if (state_heater_ ##NR == 0) state_timer_heater_ ##NR = MIN_STATE_TIME; \
          state_heater_ ##NR = 1; \
          WRITE_HEATER_ ##NR(1); \
        } \
      } \
      else { \
        if (state_timer_heater_ ##NR == 0) { \
          if (state_heater_ ##NR == 1) state_timer_heater_ ##NR = MIN_STATE_TIME; \
          state_heater_ ##NR = 0; \
          WRITE_HEATER_ ##NR(0); \
        } \
      }
    #define SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(n) _SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(n, soft_pwm_amount[n])

    #define PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(NR) \
      if (soft_pwm_count_ ##NR < slow_pwm_count) { \
        if (state_timer_heater_ ##NR == 0) { \
          if (state_heater_ ##NR == 1) state_timer_heater_ ##NR = MIN_STATE_TIME; \
          state_heater_ ##NR = 0; \
          WRITE_HEATER_ ##NR (0); \
        } \
      }

    if (slow_pwm_count == 0) {

      SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(0);
      #if HOTENDS > 1
        SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(1);
        #if HOTENDS > 2
          SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(2);
          #if HOTENDS > 3
            SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(3);
            #if HOTENDS > 4
              SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(4);
            #endif // HOTENDS > 4
          #endif // HOTENDS > 3
        #endif // HOTENDS > 2
      #endif // HOTENDS > 1
      #if HAS_HEATED_BED
        _SLOW_PWM_ROUTINE(BED, soft_pwm_amount_bed); // BED
      #endif

    } // slow_pwm_count == 0

    PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(0);
    #if HOTENDS > 1
      PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(1);
      #if HOTENDS > 2
        PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(2);
        #if HOTENDS > 3
          PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(3);
          #if HOTENDS > 4
            PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(4);
          #endif // HOTENDS > 4
        #endif // HOTENDS > 3
      #endif // HOTENDS > 2
    #endif // HOTENDS > 1
    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      PWM_OFF_ROUTINE(BED); // BED
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(FAN_SOFT_PWM)
      if (pwm_count_tmp >= 127) {
        pwm_count_tmp = 0;
        #if HAS_FAN0
          soft_pwm_count_fan[0] = soft_pwm_amount_fan[0] >> 1;
          WRITE_FAN(soft_pwm_count_fan[0] > 0 ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN1
          soft_pwm_count_fan[1] = soft_pwm_amount_fan[1] >> 1;
          WRITE_FAN1(soft_pwm_count_fan[1] > 0 ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
        #if HAS_FAN2
          soft_pwm_count_fan[2] = soft_pwm_amount_fan[2] >> 1;
          WRITE_FAN2(soft_pwm_count_fan[2] > 0 ? HIGH : LOW);
        #endif
      }
      #if HAS_FAN0
        if (soft_pwm_count_fan[0] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN(LOW);
      #endif
      #if HAS_FAN1
        if (soft_pwm_count_fan[1] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN1(LOW);
      #endif
      #if HAS_FAN2
        if (soft_pwm_count_fan[2] <= pwm_count_tmp) WRITE_FAN2(LOW);
      #endif
    #endif // FAN_SOFT_PWM

    // SOFT_PWM_SCALE to frequency:
    //
    // 0: 16000000/64/256/128 =   7.6294 Hz
    // 1:                / 64 =  15.2588 Hz
    // 2:                / 32 =  30.5176 Hz
    // 3:                / 16 =  61.0352 Hz
    // 4:                /  8 = 122.0703 Hz
    // 5:                /  4 = 244.1406 Hz
    pwm_count = pwm_count_tmp + _BV(SOFT_PWM_SCALE);

    // increment slow_pwm_count only every 64th pwm_count,
    // i.e. yielding a PWM frequency of 16/128 Hz (8s).
    if (((pwm_count >> SOFT_PWM_SCALE) & 0x3F) == 0) {
      slow_pwm_count++;
      slow_pwm_count &= 0x7F;

      if (state_timer_heater_0 > 0) state_timer_heater_0--;
      #if HOTENDS > 1
        if (state_timer_heater_1 > 0) state_timer_heater_1--;
        #if HOTENDS > 2
          if (state_timer_heater_2 > 0) state_timer_heater_2--;
          #if HOTENDS > 3
            if (state_timer_heater_3 > 0) state_timer_heater_3--;
            #if HOTENDS > 4
              if (state_timer_heater_4 > 0) state_timer_heater_4--;
            #endif // HOTENDS > 4
          #endif // HOTENDS > 3
        #endif // HOTENDS > 2
      #endif // HOTENDS > 1
      #if HAS_HEATED_BED
        if (state_timer_heater_BED > 0) state_timer_heater_BED--;
      #endif
    } // ((pwm_count >> SOFT_PWM_SCALE) & 0x3F) == 0

  #endif // SLOW_PWM_HEATERS

  //
  // Update lcd buttons 488 times per second
  //
  static bool do_buttons;
  if ((do_buttons ^= true)) lcd_buttons_update();

  /**
   * One sensor is sampled on every other call of the ISR.
   * Each sensor is read 16 (OVERSAMPLENR) times, taking the average.
   *
   * On each Prepare pass, ADC is started for a sensor pin.
   * On the next pass, the ADC value is read and accumulated.
   *
   * This gives each ADC 0.9765ms to charge up.
   */

  switch (adc_sensor_state) {

    case SensorsReady: {
      // All sensors have been read. Stay in this state for a few
      // ISRs to save on calls to temp update/checking code below.
      constexpr int8_t extra_loops = MIN_ADC_ISR_LOOPS - (int8_t)SensorsReady;
      static uint8_t delay_count = 0;
      if (extra_loops > 0) {
        if (delay_count == 0) delay_count = extra_loops;   // Init this delay
        if (--delay_count)                                 // While delaying...
          adc_sensor_state = (ADCSensorState)(int(SensorsReady) - 1); // retain this state (else, next state will be 0)
        break;
      }
      else
        adc_sensor_state = (ADCSensorState)0; // Fall-through to start first sensor now
    }

    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_0
      case PrepareTemp_0:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_0_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_0:
        raw_temp_value[0] += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      case PrepareTemp_BED:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_BED_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_BED:
        raw_temp_bed_value += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
      case PrepareTemp_CHAMBER:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_CHAMBER_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_CHAMBER:
        raw_temp_chamber_value += ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_1
      case PrepareTemp_1:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_1_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_1:
        raw_temp_value[1] += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_2
      case PrepareTemp_2:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_2_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_2:
        raw_temp_value[2] += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_3
      case PrepareTemp_3:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_3_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_3:
        raw_temp_value[3] += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_ADC_4
      case PrepareTemp_4:
        HAL_START_ADC(TEMP_4_PIN);
        break;
      case MeasureTemp_4:
        raw_temp_value[4] += HAL_READ_ADC;
        break;
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
      case Prepare_FILWIDTH:
        HAL_START_ADC(FILWIDTH_PIN);
      break;
      case Measure_FILWIDTH:
        if (HAL_READ_ADC > 102) { // Make sure ADC is reading > 0.5 volts, otherwise don't read.
          raw_filwidth_value -= (raw_filwidth_value >> 7); // Subtract 1/128th of the raw_filwidth_value
          raw_filwidth_value += ((unsigned long)HAL_READ_ADC << 7); // Add new ADC reading, scaled by 128
        }
      break;
    #endif

    #if ENABLED(ADC_KEYPAD)
      case Prepare_ADC_KEY:
        HAL_START_ADC(ADC_KEYPAD_PIN);
        break;
      case Measure_ADC_KEY:
        if (ADCKey_count < 16) {
          raw_ADCKey_value = ADC;
          if (raw_ADCKey_value > 900) {
            //ADC Key release
            ADCKey_count = 0;
            current_ADCKey_raw = 0;
          }
          else {
            current_ADCKey_raw += raw_ADCKey_value;
            ADCKey_count++;
          }
        }
        break;
    #endif // ADC_KEYPAD

    case StartupDelay: break;

  } // switch(adc_sensor_state)

  if (!adc_sensor_state && ++temp_count >= OVERSAMPLENR) { // 10 * 16 * 1/(16000000/64/256)  = 164ms.

    temp_count = 0;

    // Update the raw values if they've been read. Else we could be updating them during reading.
    if (!temp_meas_ready) set_current_temp_raw();

    // Filament Sensor - can be read any time since IIR filtering is used
    #if ENABLED(FILAMENT_WIDTH_SENSOR)
      current_raw_filwidth = raw_filwidth_value >> 10;  // Divide to get to 0-16384 range since we used 1/128 IIR filter approach
    #endif

    ZERO(raw_temp_value);

    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      raw_temp_bed_value = 0;
    #endif

    #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
      raw_temp_chamber_value = 0;
    #endif

    #define TEMPDIR(N) ((HEATER_##N##_RAW_LO_TEMP) > (HEATER_##N##_RAW_HI_TEMP) ? -1 : 1)

    int constexpr temp_dir[] = {
      #if ENABLED(HEATER_0_USES_MAX6675)
         0
      #else
        TEMPDIR(0)
      #endif
      #if HOTENDS > 1
        , TEMPDIR(1)
        #if HOTENDS > 2
          , TEMPDIR(2)
          #if HOTENDS > 3
            , TEMPDIR(3)
            #if HOTENDS > 4
              , TEMPDIR(4)
            #endif // HOTENDS > 4
          #endif // HOTENDS > 3
        #endif // HOTENDS > 2
      #endif // HOTENDS > 1
    };

    for (uint8_t e = 0; e < COUNT(temp_dir); e++) {
      const int16_t tdir = temp_dir[e], rawtemp = current_temperature_raw[e] * tdir;
      const bool heater_on = 0 <
        #if ENABLED(PIDTEMP)
          soft_pwm_amount[e]
        #else
          target_temperature[e]
        #endif
      ;
      if (rawtemp > maxttemp_raw[e] * tdir && heater_on) max_temp_error(e);
      if (rawtemp < minttemp_raw[e] * tdir && !is_preheating(e) && heater_on) {
        #ifdef MAX_CONSECUTIVE_LOW_TEMPERATURE_ERROR_ALLOWED
          if (++consecutive_low_temperature_error[e] >= MAX_CONSECUTIVE_LOW_TEMPERATURE_ERROR_ALLOWED)
        #endif
            min_temp_error(e);
      }
      #ifdef MAX_CONSECUTIVE_LOW_TEMPERATURE_ERROR_ALLOWED
        else
          consecutive_low_temperature_error[e] = 0;
      #endif
    }

    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      #if HEATER_BED_RAW_LO_TEMP > HEATER_BED_RAW_HI_TEMP
        #define GEBED <=
      #else
        #define GEBED >=
      #endif
      const bool bed_on = 0 <
        #if ENABLED(PIDTEMPBED)
          soft_pwm_amount_bed
        #else
          target_temperature_bed
        #endif
      ;
      if (current_temperature_bed_raw GEBED bed_maxttemp_raw && bed_on) max_temp_error(-1);
      if (bed_minttemp_raw GEBED current_temperature_bed_raw && bed_on) min_temp_error(-1);
    #endif

  } // temp_count >= OVERSAMPLENR

  // Go to the next state, up to SensorsReady
  adc_sensor_state = (ADCSensorState)(int(adc_sensor_state) + 1);
  if (adc_sensor_state > SensorsReady) adc_sensor_state = (ADCSensorState)0;

  #if ENABLED(BABYSTEPPING)
    LOOP_XYZ(axis) {
      const int curTodo = babystepsTodo[axis]; // get rid of volatile for performance
      if (curTodo) {
        stepper.babystep((AxisEnum)axis, curTodo > 0);
        if (curTodo > 0) babystepsTodo[axis]--;
                    else babystepsTodo[axis]++;
      }
    }
  #endif // BABYSTEPPING

  // Poll endstops state, if required
  endstops.poll();

  // Periodically call the planner timer
  planner.tick();
}

#if HAS_TEMP_SENSOR

  #include "../gcode/gcode.h"

  static void print_heater_state(const float &c, const float &t
    #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
      , const float r
    #endif
    #if NUM_SERIAL > 1
      , const int8_t port=-1
    #endif
    , const int8_t e=-3
  ) {
    #if !(HAS_HEATED_BED && HAS_TEMP_HOTEND && HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER) && HOTENDS <= 1
      UNUSED(e);
    #endif

    SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port, ' ');
    SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port,
      #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER && HAS_HEATED_BED && HAS_TEMP_HOTEND
        e == -2 ? 'C' : e == -1 ? 'B' : 'T'
      #elif HAS_HEATED_BED && HAS_TEMP_HOTEND
        e == -1 ? 'B' : 'T'
      #elif HAS_TEMP_HOTEND
        'T'
      #else
        'B'
      #endif
    );
    #if HOTENDS > 1
      if (e >= 0) SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port, '0' + e);
    #endif
    SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port, ':');
    SERIAL_PROTOCOL_P(port, c);
    SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR_P(port, " /" , t);
    #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
      SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR_P(port, " (", r / OVERSAMPLENR);
      SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port, ')');
    #endif
    delay(2);
  }

  void Temperature::print_heaterstates(
    #if NUM_SERIAL > 1
      const int8_t port
    #endif
  ) {
    #if HAS_TEMP_HOTEND
      print_heater_state(degHotend(gcode.target_extruder), degTargetHotend(gcode.target_extruder)
        #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
          , rawHotendTemp(gcode.target_extruder)
        #endif
        #if NUM_SERIAL > 1
          , port
        #endif
      );
    #endif
    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      print_heater_state(degBed(), degTargetBed()
        #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
          , rawBedTemp()
        #endif
        #if NUM_SERIAL > 1
          , port
        #endif
        , -1 // BED
      );
    #endif
    #if HAS_TEMP_CHAMBER
      print_heater_state(degChamber(), 0
        #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
          , rawChamberTemp()
        #endif
        , -2 // CHAMBER
      );
    #endif
    #if HOTENDS > 1
      HOTEND_LOOP() print_heater_state(degHotend(e), degTargetHotend(e)
        #if ENABLED(SHOW_TEMP_ADC_VALUES)
          , rawHotendTemp(e)
        #endif
        #if NUM_SERIAL > 1
          , port
        #endif
        , e
      );
    #endif
    SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM_P(port, " @:");
    SERIAL_PROTOCOL_P(port, getHeaterPower(gcode.target_extruder));
    #if HAS_HEATED_BED
      SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM_P(port, " B@:");
      SERIAL_PROTOCOL_P(port, getHeaterPower(-1));
    #endif
    #if HOTENDS > 1
      HOTEND_LOOP() {
        SERIAL_PROTOCOLPAIR_P(port, " @", e);
        SERIAL_PROTOCOLCHAR_P(port, ':');
        SERIAL_PROTOCOL_P(port, getHeaterPower(e));
      }
    #endif
  }

  #if ENABLED(AUTO_REPORT_TEMPERATURES)

    uint8_t Temperature::auto_report_temp_interval;
    millis_t Temperature::next_temp_report_ms;

    void Temperature::auto_report_temperatures() {
      if (auto_report_temp_interval && ELAPSED(millis(), next_temp_report_ms)) {
        next_temp_report_ms = millis() + 1000UL * auto_report_temp_interval;
        print_heaterstates();
        SERIAL_EOL();
      }
    }

  #endif // AUTO_REPORT_TEMPERATURES

#endif // HAS_TEMP_SENSOR