sovereign

Sovereign

Introduction

Sovereign is a set of Ansible playbooks that you can use to build and maintain your own personal cloud based entirely on open source software, so you’re in control.

If you’ve never used Ansible before, you might find these playbooks useful to learn from, since they show off a fair bit of what the tool can do.

The original author’s background and motivations might be of interest. tl;dr: frustrations with Google Apps and concerns about privacy and long-term support.

Sovereign offers useful cloud services while being reasonably secure and low-maintenance. Use it to set up your server, SSH in every couple weeks, but mostly forget about it.

Services Provided

What do you get if you point Sovereign at a server? All kinds of good stuff!

• IMAP over SSL via Dovecot, complete with full text search provided by Solr.
• POP3 over SSL, also via Dovecot
• SMTP over SSL via Postfix, including a nice set of DNSBLs to discard spam before it ever hits your filters.
• Virtual domains for your email, backed by PostgreSQL.
• Spam fighting via Rspamd.
• Mail server verification using DKIM and DMARC so the Internet knows your mailserver is legit.
• Webmail via Roundcube.
• Mobile push notifications and autodiscovery via Z-Push.
• Email client automatic configuration.
• Jabber/XMPP instant messaging via Prosody.
• Matrix via Riot.im and Synapse.
• The Mastodon social network.
• An RSS Reader via Selfoss.
• CalDAV and CardDAV to keep your calendars and contacts in sync, via NextCloud.
• Your own VPN server via OpenVPN.
• An IRC bouncer via ZNC.
• Git Repo hosting via gitea.
• IoT Dashboard via Grafana with InfluxDB and Telegraf.
• Mosquitto and mqtt-admin on iot.domain/mqtt.
• Monit to keep everything running smoothly (and alert you when it’s not).
• Web hosting (ex: for your blog) via Apache.
• Statistics for the website using Fathom.
• Comments for the website using Commento.
• Firewall management via Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw).
• Intrusion prevention via fail2ban and rootkit detection via rkhunter.
• SSH configuration preventing root login and insecure password authentication
• A bunch of nice-to-have tools like mosh and htop that make life with a server a little easier.

Don’t want one or more of the above services? Comment out the relevant role in site.yml. Or get more granular and comment out the associated include: directive in one of the playbooks.

Usage

What You’ll Need

1. A VPS (or bare-metal server if you wanna ball hard). My VPS is hosted at Linode. You’ll probably want at least 512 MB of RAM between Apache, Solr, and PostgreSQL. Mine has 1024.
2. 64-bit Debian 9. (You can use whatever distro you want, but deviating from Debian will require more tweaks to the playbooks. See Ansible’s different packaging modules.)

You do not need to acquire an SSL certificate. The SSL certificates you need will be obtained from Let’s Encrypt automatically when you deploy your server.

Installation

On the remote server

The following steps are done on the remote server by sshing into it and running these commands.

1. Install required packages

apt-get install sudo python

2. Prep the server

For goodness sake, change the root password:

passwd

Create a user account for Ansible to do its thing through:

useradd deploy
passwd deploy
mkdir /home/deploy

Authorize your ssh key if you want passwordless ssh login (optional):

mkdir /home/deploy/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/deploy/.ssh
nano /home/deploy/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 400 /home/deploy/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown deploy:deploy /home/deploy -R
echo 'deploy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/deploy

Your new account will be automatically set up for passwordless sudo. Or you can just add your deploy user to the sudo group.

adduser deploy sudo

On your local machine

Ansible (the tool setting up your server) runs locally on your computer and sends commands to the remote server.

3. Software

Download this repository somewhere on your machine, either through Clone or Download > Download ZIP above, wget, or git as below. Also install the dependencies for password generation as well as ansible itself.

git clone https://github.com/xythobuz/sovereign.git
cd sovereign
sudo pip install -r ./requirements.txt

4. Configure your installation

Modify the settings in the group_vars/sovereign folder to your liking. If you want to see how they’re used in context, just search for the corresponding string. All of the variables in group_vars/sovereign must be set for sovereign to function.

Finally, replace the host.example.net in the file hosts. If your SSH daemon listens on a non-standard port, add a colon and the port number after the IP address. In that case you also need to add your custom port to the task Set firewall rules for web traffic and SSH in the file roles/common/tasks/ufw.yml.

5. Set up DNS

If you’ve just bought a new domain name, point it at Linode’s DNS Manager or similar. Most VPS services (and even some domain registrars) offer a managed DNS service that you can use for this at no charge. If you’re using an existing domain that’s already managed elsewhere, you can probably just modify a few records.

Create A or CNAME records which point to your server’s IP address:

• example.com
• mail.example.com
• www.example.com (for Web hosting)
• autoconfig.example.com (for email client automatic configuration)
• stats.example.com (for web stats)
• news.example.com (for Selfoss)
• cloud.example.com (for NextCloud)
• git.example.com (for gitea)
• status.example.com (for monit)
• matrix.example.com (for riot)
• social.example.com (for mastodon)
• comments.example.com (for commento)
• iot.example.com (for grafana)

6. Run the Ansible Playbooks

First, make sure you’ve got Ansible installed. This should already be done by running the pip requirements.txt from above.

To run the whole dang thing:

ansible-playbook -i ./hosts --ask-sudo-pass site.yml

If you chose to make a passwordless sudo deploy user, you can omit the --ask-sudo-pass argument.

To run just one or more piece, use tags. I try to tag all my includes for easy isolated development. For example, to focus in on your firewall setup:

ansible-playbook -i ./hosts --tags=ufw site.yml

You might find that it fails at one point or another. This is probably because something needs to be done manually, usually because there’s no good way of automating it, or because something changed in the upstream packages or you’re not using Debian 9. Fortunately, all the tasks are clearly named so you should be able to find out where it stopped. I’ve tried to add comments where manual intervention is necessary. In the best case scenario, no manual steps should be needed, everything is done via the sovereign config vars.

The dependencies tag just installs dependencies, performing no other operations. The tasks associated with the dependencies tag do not rely on the user-provided settings that live in group_vars/sovereign. Running the playbook with the dependencies tag is particularly convenient for working with Docker images.

7. Finish DNS set-up

Create an MX record for example.com which assigns mail.example.com as the domain’s mail server. To ensure your emails pass DKIM checks you need to add a txt record. The name field will be mail._domainkey.EXAMPLE.COM. The value field contains the public key used by DKIM. The exact value needed can be found in the file /var/lib/rspamd/dkim/EXAMPLE.COM.mail.txt. For DMARC you’ll also need to add a txt record. The name field should be _dmarc.EXAMPLE.COM and the value should be v=DMARC1; p=reject. We will also add a txt record for SPF. This is now legacy, but some providers need it, so we provide an empty policy.

For my DNS provider, that zonefile looks like this:

@               IN MX 10 mail
@               IN TXT   "v=spf1 a:mail.example.com ?all"
_dmarc          IN TXT   "v=DMARC1; p=reject;"
mail._domainkey IN TXT   "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=INSERT_PUBLIC_KEY_HERE"

Correctly set up reverse DNS for your server and make sure to validate that it’s all working, for example by sending an email to check-auth@verifier.port25.com and reviewing the report that will be emailed back to you.

8. Miscellaneous Configuration

Sign in to the ZNC web interface and set things up to your liking. It isn’t exposed through the firewall, so you must first set up an SSH tunnel:

ssh deploy@example.com -L 6643:localhost:6643

Then proceed to http://localhost:6643 in your web browser. The same goes for the RSpamD web interface on port 11334.