title: i3 CoreXZ AM8
description: Rebuild of my i3 clone with aluminium extrusions, CoreXZ, Klipper
parent: 3d-printing
position: 10
date: 2022-10-08
update: 2022-10-22
comments: true
---
In February 2022 I finally decided to re-build my [CTC i3 Pro B](ctc-i3.html) with an upgraded frame and better parts.
It took me quite some time, until September of 2022, to finally get it running properly.
The following are the new integral components:
* ["AM8 - Metal Frame for Anet A8" by pheneeny](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2263216) on Thingiverse
* 2040 extrusions and nuts from [Dold Mechatronik](https://www.dold-mechatronik.de/Aluminiumprofil-20x40-I-Typ-Nut-5)
* [Core XZ AM8 Conversion by 93djen](https://www.printables.com/model/131210-core-xz-anet-am8-conversion) on Printables.
* [Sherpa Mini Extruder](https://github.com/Annex-Engineering/Sherpa_Mini-Extruder) on GitHub
* Sourced from [AliExpress](https://de.aliexpress.com/item/1005003671542821.html?gatewayAdapt=glo2deu&mp=1)
* [NF Crazy Hotend](https://3dprintbeginner.com/nf-crazy-hotend-a-mosqutio-hotend-alternative/)
* Clone of [Mosquito Hotend](https://www.sliceengineering.com/products/the-mosquito-hotend)
* Contact [Mellow Store](https://de.aliexpress.com/store/1531088) on AliExpress to source it
* [SKR Mini E3 v3.0 Mainboard](https://github.com/bigtreetech/BIGTREETECH-SKR-mini-E3/tree/master/hardware/BTT%20SKR%20MINI%20E3%20V3.0)
* [Fysetc Mini 128x64 LCD panel V2.1](https://wiki.fysetc.com/Mini12864_Panel/)
* Cloned version by [BCZAMD on Amazon](https://amzn.to/3MaaJ6T)
* [Magnetic Heatbed (Mk52 clone)](https://www.hta3d.com/en/magnetic-heated-bed-220x200mm-with-inserted-magnets-24v-similar-mk52-mk3)
Initially I simply wanted to re-use the mechanical parts from my old printer.
But after talking to my friend [Tobias](https://www.prusaprinters.org/social/199673-93djen/about) about the project, he came up with the idea to convert the AM8 into a CoreXZ machine, and also immediately delivered a complete design!
We selected the parts based on what I mostly still had lying around.
Other mechanical / electronical parts, like motors and the heatbed, I planned to re-use from my previous printer.
In the end that plan didn't quite work out and the only parts that are still "original" are my heatbed MOSFET and the webcam, everything else was replaced.
## Frame / CoreXZ
This is my first time going from simple i3-style mechanics to something more complicated, like CoreXY or CoreXZ.
It has some advantages and drawbacks.
I really like that leveling the Z-axis, or losing steps on only one of the two Z steppers, is a thing of the past.
Instead, now the rotation of the X-axis is determined by the relative tension of the two long belts.
Tensioning one of the belts, the corresponding side of the X-axis rises or lowers.
By using a simple [3D printed tool](https://www.printables.com/model/115460-belt-tension-gauge-source-file-included) the tension can be measured and dialed in relatively well.
For fine tuning, you can induce an oscillation on the belt with your finger and compare the pitch of the resulting sound.
At the beginning I had some problems getting the CoreXZ mechanism to work reliably.
It took me far longer than I'd like to admit to find the root issue.
The GT2 belt I ordered was not, in fact, a GT2 belt with 2mm pitch, but a T2.5 belt with 2.5mm pitch, and a slightly different tooth profile (square instead of rounded).
This was close enough so you don't immediately notice a problem, but still caused some slip on the axes.
This resulted in the axis dropping down in Z slightly with every move of the X axis.
## Hotend
I'm using a [Sherpa Mini Extruder](https://github.com/Annex-Engineering/Sherpa_Mini-Extruder) together with an NF Crazy High-Flow hotend, both ordered from Mellow on AliExpress.
These are put on the x-carriage with only a 5015 fan for the filament, a 4020 fan for the hotend and a BL-Touch for auto-leveling.
This makes for a very lightweight carriage that can reach high accelerations and speeds.
And thanks to the v-rollers in the aluminium extrusion it moves very silently, as well.
I had some problems initially with the NF Crazy clogging with low layer heights.
This required some disassembly and cleaning of molten plastic.
After experimenting a bit, I found that I could easily hold the filament, with the extruder no longer able to pull it.
This turned out to be caused by the melt-in nut that holds the spring for the lever arm.
It was pulled out slightly from the body of the extruder, therefore causing a larger distance between both rollers.
Pushing in the nut as far as possible was enough to remedy the problem.
Although I suspect it may come back in the future.
Guess I have to re-print the extruder body until then.
## Heatbed
I initially hoped to re-use my old heatbed, but it turned out it is only compatible to 12V.
So I had to order a 24V variant.
I decided to go with this [Mk52 clone magnetic heatbed](https://www.hta3d.com/en/magnetic-heated-bed-220x200mm-with-inserted-magnets-24v-similar-mk52-mk3) from HTA3D.
The magnets in there are apparently good up to 140 degrees C.
I was able to re-use the coated spring-steel-sheet printing surface from my old printer.
It already came with a nice printed housing for the cable connections, and a Thermistor pre-installed.
I asked the vendor, it is an `EPCOS 100K B57560G104F` in Klipper, or option 1 in Marlin.
Of course I put a piece of [insulation foam](https://www.hta3d.com/en/adhesive-thermal-insulation-for-heatedbed) on the bottom of the bed.
I installed it using some [flat 20mm springs](https://amzn.to/3ChnetC) on my [Y carriage](https://amzn.to/3CHQR8T).
## Custom 3D-Printed Parts
To install all the modules and PCBs to the frame I decided to design some simple mounting plates for myself.
You can find these files [on my Printables profile](https://www.printables.com/model/291049-mounting-plates-for-am8) or [in my Git repo](https://git.xythobuz.de/thomas/3d-print-designs/src/branch/master/am8).
## Power Supply Wiring
I added two power supplies to the printer.
One is +5V, solely for powering the Raspberry Pi, and it is always on.
The other is +24V, for running the printer itself. This is switched by a relais module, connected to the Pi.
I'm not entirely comfortable with the 220V wiring, so I added plan to add an enclosure that should prevent any shock hazards from touching.
As a small quality-of-life improvement I put a piece of shrink wrap tubing over the indicator LED of the +24V supply.
I don't understand why the manufacturer decided to put an unbelievably bright blue LED on there... 🤦
In an attempt to avoid any ground loops and power supplies driving each other, I decided not to connect the Pi and the Mainboard using USB.
Instead I ran a cable between them, only connecting GND and the UART Rx and Tx lines.
This is the only place where the grounds of the +5V and +24V supply are connected.
The mainboard is not fed any external +5V.
As I've re-used 12V fans from my old printer, I had to add a small PCB with a 24V -> 12V converter to power them.
I simply used a small LM2596 module soldered onto a perf-board with some connectors.
The mainboard switches GND for all accessories, so using 12V fans is as simple as connecting the negative lead to the mainboard connector, and the positive lead to +12V instead of the mainboard connector.
## LCD Connection
On a whim, I decided to get a [Fysetc 12864](https://wiki.fysetc.com/Mini12864_Panel/) clone.
Only later I realized that it is not really compatible with my chosen mainboard, as it does not have the standard EXP1/EXP2 connectors.
Fortunately this can be [fixed easily](https://github.com/VoronDesign/VoronUsers/tree/master/printer_mods/Maverick_/V0_TopHat_Mini_12864), you just need to connect the required pins to free IO pins of the mainboard.
I decided to ignore the SD card interface, as I won't be using it and the mainboard has one as well.
So only the LCD and rotary encoder pins are required.
My LCD board also has some RGB LEDs, so I decided to wire them up as well.
The other question concerns the cabling.
The standard 2x 10pin ribbon cables are hard to route and prone to interference.
Counting the required pins, and looking at my cable stash, I decided to simply use some Cat5 ethernet cabling.
With 8 cores per cable I only had to use two pieces in parallel.
Configuring it correctly turned out to be a bit tricky.
Initially I thought I had [hardware revision 1.2](https://github.com/FYSETC/FYSETC-Mini-12864-Panel/blob/master/hardware/V1.2/mini12864%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%9B%BE.pdf), based on the reviews on Amazon, with plain RGB LEDs on board.
But I couldn't get anything to light up, neither around the encoder nor the LCD backlight.
That's when I took a closer look and saw the WS2811 chips on the LCD PCB (and later also the revision printed on it 😅).
Turns out I actually have [revision 2.1](https://github.com/FYSETC/FYSETC-Mini-12864-Panel/blob/master/hardware/V2.1/Mini12864%EF%BC%88RGB%EF%BC%89V2.1_sch.pdf).
One thing you should check before using a display like this: the RST and KILL pins and their respective resistors.
The push button on the front of the LCD panel can be connected to either the RST or KILL pin.
If you do a custom cabling, like I did, it doesn't really matter which one of these you choose.
But my display only came with R3 installed, which I didn't notice at first.
Because I wired up the KILL pin instead of using RST, I would have needed R4 instead of R3.
I decided to simply switch out the 0Ω-link.
The other resistor, R1, is also important.
It should **not** be populated, otherwise the display will feed +5V back to the GPIOs of the MCU, which are only 3.3V tolerant.
To mount the LCD to my frame I used ["Mini 12864 LCD Display Housing for 2020 V-Slot" by derebbe](https://www.printables.com/model/56150-mini-12864-lcd-display-housing-for-2020-v-slot).
You need to replace the kill button on the panel with a shorter one for this model to work.
This was the first time I tried to solder to ethernet cable.
It seems to have some kind of coating that makes it not only hard to wet with tin,
it also corroded one of my soldering tips pretty strongly.
Not all connections were good, and I had some issues with the LCD not displaying anything after a short time.
For all other cables I tried to route them nicely as well.
## Klipper Firmware
After hearing many good things about Klipper from Tobias and others, I really had to try it out myself.
And I have to admit, even though I didn't believe it at first, it's much better than Marlin in many areas, even for non-fancy printers like mine.
I'm using [MainsailOS](https://docs.mainsail.xyz/setup/mainsail-os) on a Raspberry Pi 3B.
Installation and Configuration was really straight-forward with the configuration guides of [Klipper](https://www.klipper3d.org/Config_Reference.html) and [Mainsail](https://docs.mainsail.xyz/setup/mainsailos/first-boot).
I also installed the [Moonraker Telegram Bot](https://github.com/nlef/moonraker-telegram-bot/wiki/installation) according to their installation instructions.
With one of my first print attempts I ran into the "Rescheduled timer in the past" error message.
Turns out there was a [bug in the microcontroller firmware](https://klipper.discourse.group/t/stm32g0-users-should-update-to-latest-klipper/3612), so I had to upgrade that, even though thats apparently not needed normally for all updates.
Here is my current `printer.cfg` file.
[include mainsail.cfg]
##########################################
################# System #################
##########################################
[printer]
kinematics: corexz
max_velocity: 200
max_accel: 2000
max_accel_to_decel: 2000
max_z_velocity: 200
max_z_accel: 500
[board_pins]
aliases:
# EXP1 header
EXP1_1=PB5, EXP1_3=PA9, EXP1_5=PA10, EXP1_7=PB8, EXP1_9=,
EXP1_2=PA15, EXP1_4=, EXP1_6=PB9, EXP1_8=PD6, EXP1_10=<5V>,
# I/O header
IO_1=PD0, IO_2=PD2, IO_3=PD3, IO_4=PD4, IO_5=PD5,
# PWR-DET header
PWR_DET=PC12,
# Unused pin
UNUSED=PA6
[mcu]
#serial: /dev/ttyAMA0
serial: /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT232R_USB_UART_A100OZQ1-if00-port0
restart_method: command
[temperature_sensor microcontroller]
sensor_type: temperature_mcu
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 90
gcode_id: mcu
[temperature_sensor raspberry_pi]
sensor_type: temperature_host
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 90
gcode_id: pi
##########################################
################# Motors #################
##########################################
# The stepper_x section is used to describe the X axis as well as the
# stepper controlling the X+Z movement.
[stepper_x]
step_pin: PB13
dir_pin: !PB12
enable_pin: !PB14
microsteps: 16 # set by driver
full_steps_per_rotation: 200 # motor specific
gear_ratio: 36:20 # CoreXZ gearbox
rotation_distance: 40 # 20 teeth * 2mm belt
endstop_pin: ^!PC0
position_endstop: -7.0
position_min: -7.0
position_max: 228.0
homing_speed: 40
second_homing_speed: 10
# The stepper_y section is used to describe the stepper controlling
# the Y axis.
[stepper_y]
step_pin: PB10
dir_pin: PB2
enable_pin: !PB11
microsteps: 16 # set by driver
full_steps_per_rotation: 200 # motor specific
gear_ratio: 1:1 # driven directly
rotation_distance: 40 # 20 teeth * 2mm belt
endstop_pin: ^!PC1
position_endstop: 0.0
position_min: 0.0
position_max: 210.0
homing_speed: 40
second_homing_speed: 10
# The stepper_z section is used to describe the Z axis as well as the
# stepper controlling the X-Z movement.
[stepper_z]
step_pin: PB0
dir_pin: !PC5
enable_pin: !PB1
microsteps: 16 # set by driver
full_steps_per_rotation: 200 # motor specific
gear_ratio: 36:20 # CoreXZ gearbox
rotation_distance: 40 # 20 teeth * 2mm belt
endstop_pin: ^!PC2
position_endstop: 0.200
position_min: 0.0
position_max: 275.0
homing_speed: 40
second_homing_speed: 10
[extruder]
step_pin: PB3
dir_pin: !PB4
enable_pin: !PD1
rotation_distance: 22.67895
gear_ratio: 50:8
microsteps: 16
full_steps_per_rotation: 200
nozzle_diameter: 0.400
filament_diameter: 1.750
heater_pin: PC8
sensor_type: ATC Semitec 104GT-2
sensor_pin: PA0
control: pid
pid_Kp: 23.441
pid_Ki: 0.919
pid_Kd: 149.435
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 250
max_extrude_only_distance: 1400.0
max_extrude_only_velocity: 75.0
max_extrude_only_accel: 1500
[heater_bed]
heater_pin: PC9
sensor_type: EPCOS 100K B57560G104F
sensor_pin: PC4
control: pid
pid_Kp: 43.878
pid_Ki: 0.255
pid_Kd: 1888.933
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 130
###########################################
################# TMC2209 #################
###########################################
[tmc2209 stepper_x]
uart_pin: PC11
tx_pin: PC10
uart_address: 0
stealthchop_threshold: 999999
run_current: 0.6
[tmc2209 stepper_y]
uart_pin: PC11
tx_pin: PC10
uart_address: 2
stealthchop_threshold: 999999
run_current: 0.6
[tmc2209 stepper_z]
uart_pin: PC11
tx_pin: PC10
uart_address: 1
stealthchop_threshold: 999999
run_current: 0.6
[tmc2209 extruder]
uart_pin: PC11
tx_pin: PC10
uart_address: 3
stealthchop_threshold: 999999
run_current: 0.5
###########################################
############### Accessories ###############
###########################################
[heater_fan nozzle_cooling_fan]
pin: PC6 # fan 0
[fan]
pin: PC7 # fan 1
[controller_fan controller_fan]
pin: PB15 # fan 2
############################################
############### Bed Leveling ###############
############################################
[bltouch]
sensor_pin: ^PC14
control_pin: PA1
x_offset: -37
y_offset: -2
z_offset: 3.151
speed: 10
[bed_mesh]
speed: 200
mesh_min: 5, 5
mesh_max: 190, 195
horizontal_move_z: 10
probe_count: 5, 5
mesh_pps: 4, 4
[gcode_macro G29]
gcode:
BED_MESH_CALIBRATE
###########################################
########### LCD / Encoder / LED ###########
###########################################
[display]
lcd_type: uc1701
cs_pin: EXP1_2
a0_pin: EXP1_3
rst_pin: EXP1_5
contrast: 63
encoder_pins: ^IO_2, ^IO_3
click_pin: ^!EXP1_1
#kill_pin: ^IO_1
spi_software_miso_pin: UNUSED
spi_software_mosi_pin: IO_5
spi_software_sclk_pin: IO_4
# index 1 is lcd backlight
# index 2 is left encoder led
# index 3 is right encoder led
[neopixel lcd]
pin: EXP1_6
chain_count: 3
color_order: RGB
initial_RED: 0.3
initial_GREEN: 0.3
initial_BLUE: 0.3
##########################################
################# Beeper #################
##########################################
# M300 : Play tone. Usage:
# M300 [P] [S]
# P is the tone duration, S the tone frequency.
[output_pin beeper]
pin: PWR_DET
pwm: True
value: 0 # Silent at power on, set to 1 if active low.
shutdown_value: 0 # Disable at emergency shutdown (no PWM would be available anyway).
cycle_time: 0.001
[gcode_macro M300]
gcode:
# Use a default 1kHz tone if S is omitted.
\{% set S = params.S|default(1000)|int %}
# Use a 10ms duration is P is omitted.
\{% set P = params.P|default(100)|int %}
SET_PIN PIN=beeper VALUE=0.5 CYCLE_TIME={ 1.0/S if S > 0 else 1 }
G4 P{P}
SET_PIN PIN=beeper VALUE=0
##########################################
############## Idle Timeout ##############
##########################################
# https://moonraker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration/#toggling-device-state-from-klipper
[gcode_macro POWER_OFF_PRINTER]
gcode:
{action_call_remote_method("set_device_power",
device="printer",
state="off")}
[delayed_gcode delayed_printer_off]
initial_duration: 0.
gcode:
\{% if printer.idle_timeout.state == "Idle" %}
POWER_OFF_PRINTER
\{% endif %}
[idle_timeout]
gcode:
M84
TURN_OFF_HEATERS
UPDATE_DELAYED_GCODE ID=delayed_printer_off DURATION=60
##########################################
######### Telegram Bot Timelapse #########
##########################################
# https://github.com/nlef/moonraker-telegram-bot/wiki/installation#step-5-optional-include-the-macro-to-store-lapse-variables
[gcode_macro _bot_data]
variable_lapse_video_size: 0
variable_lapse_filename: 'None'
variable_lapse_path: 'None'
gcode:
M118 Setting bot lapse variables
Here is my current `moonraker.conf` file.
[server]
host: 0.0.0.0
port: 7125
# Verbose logging used for debugging . Default False.
enable_debug_logging: False
# The maximum size allowed for a file upload (in MiB). Default 1024 MiB
max_upload_size: 1024
[file_manager]
config_path: ~/klipper_config
log_path: ~/klipper_logs
enable_object_processing: True
queue_gcode_uploads: True
# https://moonraker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration/#power-on-g-code-uploads
[job_queue]
load_on_startup: True
[power printer]
type: gpio
pin: gpiochip0/gpio4
off_when_shutdown: True
off_when_shutdown_delay: 2
on_when_job_queued: True
locked_while_printing: True
restart_klipper_when_powered: True
restart_delay: 1
initial_state: off
# enables partial support of Octoprint API
[octoprint_compat]
# enables moonraker to track and store print history.
[history]
# this enables moonraker's update manager
[update_manager]
refresh_interval: 168
[update_manager mainsail]
type: web
repo: mainsail-crew/mainsail
path: ~/mainsail
[update_manager client moonraker-telegram-bot]
type: git_repo
path: ~/moonraker-telegram-bot
origin: https://github.com/nlef/moonraker-telegram-bot.git
env: ~/moonraker-telegram-bot-env/bin/python
requirements: scripts/requirements.txt
install_script: scripts/install.sh