to make the temperature-code work again with Arduino 1.0.6.

Sorry could not make an extra block on base level.

- Remove test of raw temp for thermistor 0 when using MAX6675
- Longer `raw_temp_value` array for `TEMP_SENSOR_1_AS_REDUNDANT`

- Get rid of unused temp states in the ISR, resulting in more frequent
temperature reading with fewer sensors
- Shrink code slightly in min/max testing

- Base tests on all thermistors/thermocouples, not just heater 0

- Add `Conditionals.h` with calculated configuration values
- Add `SanityCheck.h` with checks for configuration errors
- Remove equivalent code from all configurations
- Move error checks from some sources to `SanityCheck.h` also
- Fix initialization of count_direction in stepper.cpp

- Add BIT and TEST macros
- Add _APPLY_ macros to stepper.cpp to help with consolidation
- Consolidate code in stepper.cpp using macros
- Apply standards in stepper.cpp
- Use >= 0 instead of > -1 as a better semantic
- Replace DUAL_Y_CARRIAGE with Y_DUAL_STEPPER_DRIVERS

- Make separate get_pid_output(e) and get_pid_output_bed() function
- Reduce size of manage_heater function
- Hopefully work around linker errors

- Fix for #1591 replacing #1595

This reverts commit fb75a9272d.

- Reduce calls to millis()
- General cleanup of manage_heaters
- General cleanup of pid autotune
- Formatting here & there
- Macros to clean up and shrink ISR code (reduced by ~364 lines)

Looks like INVERT_E3_DIR was missing in the configuration.h also as I
did a test compile with 4 extruders and Azteeg X3 Pro defined. So I also
added those lines too. Additional formatting to make the comments line
up better in that section.

Here were a few changes that I had to make/add lines for the 4th hotend.
A compiling problem in the Temperature.cpp and missing lines in
configuration.h and configuration_adv.h. I added these lines in all of
the example configs too.

Add PID_dT in temeprature.cpp

Githun insert this line when i merge with actual Branch development...

Changes to temperature.cpp from Ultimaker fork, intended to address
#1226 and #1227

Changes to temperature.cpp from Ultimaker fork, intended to address
#1226 and #1227

Without this fix, the code wont compile with extruder but without bed
runaway protection defined.

* Adds config parameter `PID_PARAMS_PER_EXTRUDER` - allows single PID
parameters to be used where this would be preferable (e.g. dual
identical extruders)
* When disabled, will use `float Kp, Ki, Kd, Kc;` as before.
Preprocessor macros used to switch between.
* ultralcd.cpp defines extra menus for extra parameters only where
required
* M301 reports `e:xx` only if independent pid parameters enabled
* EEPROM structure still leaves space for 3 extruders worth, when undef
will save single parameter to all extruder positions, but only read the
first
* Switching off saves approx 330 B with no LCD enabled, 2634B with LCD
(RRD) enabled: this is significant.
* LCD modifications should be tested.

* Variables Kp, Ki, Kd, Kc now arrays of size EXTRUDERS
* M301 gains (optional, default=0) E parameter to define which
extruder's settings to modify. Tested, works with Repetier Host's EEPROM
config window, albeit only reads/updates settings for E0.
* All Kp, Ki, Kd, Kc parameters saved in EEPROM (version now v14), up to
3 extruders supported (same as Marlin in general)

There is the possibility of turn on this features adding "#define SLOW_PWM_HEATERS" in Configuration.h